hermes-agent/hermes_cli/backup.py
salt-555 12c8cefbce fix(backup): handle files with pre-1980 timestamps
ZipFile.write() raises ValueError for files with mtime before 1980-01-01
(the ZIP format uses MS-DOS timestamps which can't represent earlier dates).
This crashes the entire backup. Add ValueError to the existing except clause
so these files are skipped and reported in the warnings summary, matching the
existing behavior for PermissionError and OSError.
2026-04-20 00:47:40 -07:00

655 lines
21 KiB
Python

"""
Backup and import commands for hermes CLI.
`hermes backup` creates a zip archive of the entire ~/.hermes/ directory
(excluding the hermes-agent repo and transient files).
`hermes import` restores from a backup zip, overlaying onto the current
HERMES_HOME root.
"""
import json
import logging
import os
import shutil
import sqlite3
import sys
import tempfile
import time
import zipfile
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
from hermes_constants import get_default_hermes_root, get_hermes_home, display_hermes_home
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Exclusion rules
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Directory names to skip entirely (matched against each path component)
_EXCLUDED_DIRS = {
"hermes-agent", # the codebase repo — re-clone instead
"__pycache__", # bytecode caches — regenerated on import
".git", # nested git dirs (profiles shouldn't have these, but safety)
"node_modules", # js deps if website/ somehow leaks in
}
# File-name suffixes to skip
_EXCLUDED_SUFFIXES = (
".pyc",
".pyo",
)
# File names to skip (runtime state that's meaningless on another machine)
_EXCLUDED_NAMES = {
"gateway.pid",
"cron.pid",
}
def _should_exclude(rel_path: Path) -> bool:
"""Return True if *rel_path* (relative to hermes root) should be skipped."""
parts = rel_path.parts
# Any path component matches an excluded dir name
for part in parts:
if part in _EXCLUDED_DIRS:
return True
name = rel_path.name
if name in _EXCLUDED_NAMES:
return True
if name.endswith(_EXCLUDED_SUFFIXES):
return True
return False
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SQLite safe copy
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _safe_copy_db(src: Path, dst: Path) -> bool:
"""Copy a SQLite database safely using the backup() API.
Handles WAL mode — produces a consistent snapshot even while
the DB is being written to. Falls back to raw copy on failure.
"""
try:
conn = sqlite3.connect(f"file:{src}?mode=ro", uri=True)
backup_conn = sqlite3.connect(str(dst))
conn.backup(backup_conn)
backup_conn.close()
conn.close()
return True
except Exception as exc:
logger.warning("SQLite safe copy failed for %s: %s", src, exc)
try:
shutil.copy2(src, dst)
return True
except Exception as exc2:
logger.error("Raw copy also failed for %s: %s", src, exc2)
return False
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Backup
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _format_size(nbytes: int) -> str:
"""Human-readable file size."""
for unit in ("B", "KB", "MB", "GB"):
if nbytes < 1024:
return f"{nbytes:.1f} {unit}" if unit != "B" else f"{nbytes} {unit}"
nbytes /= 1024
return f"{nbytes:.1f} TB"
def run_backup(args) -> None:
"""Create a zip backup of the Hermes home directory."""
hermes_root = get_default_hermes_root()
if not hermes_root.is_dir():
print(f"Error: Hermes home directory not found at {hermes_root}")
sys.exit(1)
# Determine output path
if args.output:
out_path = Path(args.output).expanduser().resolve()
# If user gave a directory, put the zip inside it
if out_path.is_dir():
stamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S")
out_path = out_path / f"hermes-backup-{stamp}.zip"
else:
stamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S")
out_path = Path.home() / f"hermes-backup-{stamp}.zip"
# Ensure the suffix is .zip
if out_path.suffix.lower() != ".zip":
out_path = out_path.with_suffix(out_path.suffix + ".zip")
# Ensure parent directory exists
out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# Collect files
print(f"Scanning {display_hermes_home()} ...")
files_to_add: list[tuple[Path, Path]] = [] # (absolute, relative)
skipped_dirs = set()
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(hermes_root, followlinks=False):
dp = Path(dirpath)
rel_dir = dp.relative_to(hermes_root)
# Prune excluded directories in-place so os.walk doesn't descend
orig_dirnames = dirnames[:]
dirnames[:] = [
d for d in dirnames
if d not in _EXCLUDED_DIRS
]
for removed in set(orig_dirnames) - set(dirnames):
skipped_dirs.add(str(rel_dir / removed))
for fname in filenames:
fpath = dp / fname
rel = fpath.relative_to(hermes_root)
if _should_exclude(rel):
continue
# Skip the output zip itself if it happens to be inside hermes root
try:
if fpath.resolve() == out_path.resolve():
continue
except (OSError, ValueError):
pass
files_to_add.append((fpath, rel))
if not files_to_add:
print("No files to back up.")
return
# Create the zip
file_count = len(files_to_add)
print(f"Backing up {file_count} files ...")
total_bytes = 0
errors = []
t0 = time.monotonic()
with zipfile.ZipFile(out_path, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED, compresslevel=6) as zf:
for i, (abs_path, rel_path) in enumerate(files_to_add, 1):
try:
# Safe copy for SQLite databases (handles WAL mode)
if abs_path.suffix == ".db":
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db", delete=False) as tmp:
tmp_db = Path(tmp.name)
if _safe_copy_db(abs_path, tmp_db):
zf.write(tmp_db, arcname=str(rel_path))
total_bytes += tmp_db.stat().st_size
tmp_db.unlink(missing_ok=True)
else:
tmp_db.unlink(missing_ok=True)
errors.append(f" {rel_path}: SQLite safe copy failed")
continue
else:
zf.write(abs_path, arcname=str(rel_path))
total_bytes += abs_path.stat().st_size
except (PermissionError, OSError, ValueError) as exc:
errors.append(f" {rel_path}: {exc}")
continue
# Progress every 500 files
if i % 500 == 0:
print(f" {i}/{file_count} files ...")
elapsed = time.monotonic() - t0
zip_size = out_path.stat().st_size
# Summary
print()
print(f"Backup complete: {out_path}")
print(f" Files: {file_count}")
print(f" Original: {_format_size(total_bytes)}")
print(f" Compressed: {_format_size(zip_size)}")
print(f" Time: {elapsed:.1f}s")
if skipped_dirs:
print(f"\n Excluded directories:")
for d in sorted(skipped_dirs):
print(f" {d}/")
if errors:
print(f"\n Warnings ({len(errors)} files skipped):")
for e in errors[:10]:
print(e)
if len(errors) > 10:
print(f" ... and {len(errors) - 10} more")
print(f"\nRestore with: hermes import {out_path.name}")
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Import
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _validate_backup_zip(zf: zipfile.ZipFile) -> tuple[bool, str]:
"""Check that a zip looks like a Hermes backup.
Returns (ok, reason).
"""
names = zf.namelist()
if not names:
return False, "zip archive is empty"
# Look for telltale files that a hermes home would have
markers = {"config.yaml", ".env", "state.db"}
found = set()
for n in names:
# Could be at the root or one level deep (if someone zipped the directory)
basename = Path(n).name
if basename in markers:
found.add(basename)
if not found:
return False, (
"zip does not appear to be a Hermes backup "
"(no config.yaml, .env, or state databases found)"
)
return True, ""
def _detect_prefix(zf: zipfile.ZipFile) -> str:
"""Detect if the zip has a common directory prefix wrapping all entries.
Some tools zip as `.hermes/config.yaml` instead of `config.yaml`.
Returns the prefix to strip (empty string if none).
"""
names = [n for n in zf.namelist() if not n.endswith("/")]
if not names:
return ""
# Find common prefix
parts_list = [Path(n).parts for n in names]
# Check if all entries share a common first directory
first_parts = {p[0] for p in parts_list if len(p) > 1}
if len(first_parts) == 1:
prefix = first_parts.pop()
# Only strip if it looks like a hermes dir name
if prefix in (".hermes", "hermes"):
return prefix + "/"
return ""
def run_import(args) -> None:
"""Restore a Hermes backup from a zip file."""
zip_path = Path(args.zipfile).expanduser().resolve()
if not zip_path.is_file():
print(f"Error: File not found: {zip_path}")
sys.exit(1)
if not zipfile.is_zipfile(zip_path):
print(f"Error: Not a valid zip file: {zip_path}")
sys.exit(1)
hermes_root = get_default_hermes_root()
with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, "r") as zf:
# Validate
ok, reason = _validate_backup_zip(zf)
if not ok:
print(f"Error: {reason}")
sys.exit(1)
prefix = _detect_prefix(zf)
members = [n for n in zf.namelist() if not n.endswith("/")]
file_count = len(members)
print(f"Backup contains {file_count} files")
print(f"Target: {display_hermes_home()}")
if prefix:
print(f"Detected archive prefix: {prefix!r} (will be stripped)")
# Check for existing installation
has_config = (hermes_root / "config.yaml").exists()
has_env = (hermes_root / ".env").exists()
if (has_config or has_env) and not args.force:
print()
print("Warning: Target directory already has Hermes configuration.")
print("Importing will overwrite existing files with backup contents.")
print()
try:
answer = input("Continue? [y/N] ").strip().lower()
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
print("\nAborted.")
sys.exit(1)
if answer not in ("y", "yes"):
print("Aborted.")
return
# Extract
print(f"\nImporting {file_count} files ...")
hermes_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
errors = []
restored = 0
t0 = time.monotonic()
for member in members:
# Strip prefix if detected
if prefix and member.startswith(prefix):
rel = member[len(prefix):]
else:
rel = member
if not rel:
continue
target = hermes_root / rel
# Security: reject absolute paths and traversals
try:
target.resolve().relative_to(hermes_root.resolve())
except ValueError:
errors.append(f" {rel}: path traversal blocked")
continue
try:
target.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
with zf.open(member) as src, open(target, "wb") as dst:
dst.write(src.read())
restored += 1
except (PermissionError, OSError) as exc:
errors.append(f" {rel}: {exc}")
if restored % 500 == 0:
print(f" {restored}/{file_count} files ...")
elapsed = time.monotonic() - t0
# Summary
print()
print(f"Import complete: {restored} files restored in {elapsed:.1f}s")
print(f" Target: {display_hermes_home()}")
if errors:
print(f"\n Warnings ({len(errors)} files skipped):")
for e in errors[:10]:
print(e)
if len(errors) > 10:
print(f" ... and {len(errors) - 10} more")
# Post-import: restore profile wrapper scripts
profiles_dir = hermes_root / "profiles"
restored_profiles = []
if profiles_dir.is_dir():
try:
from hermes_cli.profiles import (
create_wrapper_script, check_alias_collision,
_is_wrapper_dir_in_path, _get_wrapper_dir,
)
for entry in sorted(profiles_dir.iterdir()):
if not entry.is_dir():
continue
profile_name = entry.name
# Only create wrappers for directories with config
if not (entry / "config.yaml").exists() and not (entry / ".env").exists():
continue
collision = check_alias_collision(profile_name)
if collision:
print(f" Skipped alias '{profile_name}': {collision}")
restored_profiles.append((profile_name, False))
else:
wrapper = create_wrapper_script(profile_name)
restored_profiles.append((profile_name, wrapper is not None))
if restored_profiles:
created = [n for n, ok in restored_profiles if ok]
skipped = [n for n, ok in restored_profiles if not ok]
if created:
print(f"\n Profile aliases restored: {', '.join(created)}")
if skipped:
print(f" Profile aliases skipped: {', '.join(skipped)}")
if not _is_wrapper_dir_in_path():
print(f"\n Note: {_get_wrapper_dir()} is not in your PATH.")
print(' Add to your shell config (~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc):')
print(' export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"')
except ImportError:
# hermes_cli.profiles might not be available (fresh install)
if any(profiles_dir.iterdir()):
print(f"\n Profiles detected but aliases could not be created.")
print(f" Run: hermes profile list (after installing hermes)")
# Guidance
print()
if not (hermes_root / "hermes-agent").is_dir():
print("Note: The hermes-agent codebase was not included in the backup.")
print(" If this is a fresh install, run: hermes update")
if restored_profiles:
gw_profiles = [n for n, _ in restored_profiles]
print("\nTo re-enable gateway services for profiles:")
for pname in gw_profiles:
print(f" hermes -p {pname} gateway install")
print("Done. Your Hermes configuration has been restored.")
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Quick state snapshots (used by /snapshot slash command and hermes backup --quick)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Critical state files to include in quick snapshots (relative to HERMES_HOME).
# Everything else is either regeneratable (logs, cache) or managed separately
# (skills, repo, sessions/).
_QUICK_STATE_FILES = (
"state.db",
"config.yaml",
".env",
"auth.json",
"cron/jobs.json",
"gateway_state.json",
"channel_directory.json",
"processes.json",
)
_QUICK_SNAPSHOTS_DIR = "state-snapshots"
_QUICK_DEFAULT_KEEP = 20
def _quick_snapshot_root(hermes_home: Optional[Path] = None) -> Path:
home = hermes_home or get_hermes_home()
return home / _QUICK_SNAPSHOTS_DIR
def create_quick_snapshot(
label: Optional[str] = None,
hermes_home: Optional[Path] = None,
) -> Optional[str]:
"""Create a quick state snapshot of critical files.
Copies STATE_FILES to a timestamped directory under state-snapshots/.
Auto-prunes old snapshots beyond the keep limit.
Returns:
Snapshot ID (timestamp-based), or None if no files found.
"""
home = hermes_home or get_hermes_home()
root = _quick_snapshot_root(home)
ts = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
snap_id = f"{ts}-{label}" if label else ts
snap_dir = root / snap_id
snap_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
manifest: Dict[str, int] = {} # rel_path -> file size
for rel in _QUICK_STATE_FILES:
src = home / rel
if not src.exists() or not src.is_file():
continue
dst = snap_dir / rel
dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
try:
if src.suffix == ".db":
if not _safe_copy_db(src, dst):
continue
else:
shutil.copy2(src, dst)
manifest[rel] = dst.stat().st_size
except (OSError, PermissionError) as exc:
logger.warning("Could not snapshot %s: %s", rel, exc)
if not manifest:
shutil.rmtree(snap_dir, ignore_errors=True)
return None
# Write manifest
meta = {
"id": snap_id,
"timestamp": ts,
"label": label,
"file_count": len(manifest),
"total_size": sum(manifest.values()),
"files": manifest,
}
with open(snap_dir / "manifest.json", "w") as f:
json.dump(meta, f, indent=2)
# Auto-prune
_prune_quick_snapshots(root, keep=_QUICK_DEFAULT_KEEP)
logger.info("State snapshot created: %s (%d files)", snap_id, len(manifest))
return snap_id
def list_quick_snapshots(
limit: int = 20,
hermes_home: Optional[Path] = None,
) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""List existing quick state snapshots, most recent first."""
root = _quick_snapshot_root(hermes_home)
if not root.exists():
return []
results = []
for d in sorted(root.iterdir(), reverse=True):
if not d.is_dir():
continue
manifest_path = d / "manifest.json"
if manifest_path.exists():
try:
with open(manifest_path) as f:
results.append(json.load(f))
except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError):
results.append({"id": d.name, "file_count": 0, "total_size": 0})
if len(results) >= limit:
break
return results
def restore_quick_snapshot(
snapshot_id: str,
hermes_home: Optional[Path] = None,
) -> bool:
"""Restore state from a quick snapshot.
Overwrites current state files with the snapshot's copies.
Returns True if at least one file was restored.
"""
home = hermes_home or get_hermes_home()
root = _quick_snapshot_root(home)
snap_dir = root / snapshot_id
if not snap_dir.is_dir():
return False
manifest_path = snap_dir / "manifest.json"
if not manifest_path.exists():
return False
with open(manifest_path) as f:
meta = json.load(f)
restored = 0
for rel in meta.get("files", {}):
src = snap_dir / rel
if not src.exists():
continue
dst = home / rel
dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
try:
if dst.suffix == ".db":
# Atomic-ish replace for databases
tmp = dst.parent / f".{dst.name}.snap_restore"
shutil.copy2(src, tmp)
dst.unlink(missing_ok=True)
shutil.move(str(tmp), str(dst))
else:
shutil.copy2(src, dst)
restored += 1
except (OSError, PermissionError) as exc:
logger.error("Failed to restore %s: %s", rel, exc)
logger.info("Restored %d files from snapshot %s", restored, snapshot_id)
return restored > 0
def _prune_quick_snapshots(root: Path, keep: int = _QUICK_DEFAULT_KEEP) -> int:
"""Remove oldest quick snapshots beyond the keep limit. Returns count deleted."""
if not root.exists():
return 0
dirs = sorted(
(d for d in root.iterdir() if d.is_dir()),
key=lambda d: d.name,
reverse=True,
)
deleted = 0
for d in dirs[keep:]:
try:
shutil.rmtree(d)
deleted += 1
except OSError as exc:
logger.warning("Failed to prune snapshot %s: %s", d.name, exc)
return deleted
def prune_quick_snapshots(
keep: int = _QUICK_DEFAULT_KEEP,
hermes_home: Optional[Path] = None,
) -> int:
"""Manually prune quick snapshots. Returns count deleted."""
return _prune_quick_snapshots(_quick_snapshot_root(hermes_home), keep=keep)
def run_quick_backup(args) -> None:
"""CLI entry point for hermes backup --quick."""
label = getattr(args, "label", None)
snap_id = create_quick_snapshot(label=label)
if snap_id:
print(f"State snapshot created: {snap_id}")
snaps = list_quick_snapshots()
print(f" {len(snaps)} snapshot(s) stored in {display_hermes_home()}/state-snapshots/")
print(f" Restore with: /snapshot restore {snap_id}")
else:
print("No state files found to snapshot.")