"""Utilities for preparing assistant text for speech synthesis.
The TTS provider should receive a spoken script, not raw chat Markdown. This
module centralises the lightweight, deterministic cleanup used by explicit TTS
calls and gateway auto-TTS replies.
Non-ASCII characters are written as escapes on purpose so the file stays free of
invisible/look-alike glyphs.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import html
import re
# Sentinel appended to former heading lines so smooth_whitespace_for_tts can
# fold a heading into the sentence that follows it ("Weather, it will be sunny")
# rather than leaving a bare "Weather." label that reads abruptly aloud.
_HEAD = "\x00"
_MD_CODE_BLOCK_RE = re.compile(r"```[\s\S]*?```")
_MD_LINK_RE = re.compile(r"\[([^\]]+)\]\((?:[^()]|\([^)]*\))*\)")
_MD_IMAGE_RE = re.compile(r"!\[([^\]]*)\]\((?:[^()]|\([^)]*\))*\)")
_MD_INLINE_CODE_RE = re.compile(r"`([^`]+)`")
_MD_BOLD_RE = re.compile(r"\*\*(.+?)\*\*", flags=re.DOTALL)
_MD_UNDERSCORE_BOLD_RE = re.compile(r"__(.+?)__", flags=re.DOTALL)
_MD_ITALIC_RE = re.compile(r"(?\s?", flags=re.MULTILINE)
_MD_LIST_ITEM_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*(?:[-*+]|\d+[.)])\s+", flags=re.MULTILINE)
_MD_HR_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*[-*_]{3,}\s*$", flags=re.MULTILINE)
_MD_TABLE_PIPE_RE = re.compile(r"\s*\|\s*")
_URL_RE = re.compile(r"https?://\S+")
# Broad emoji / pictograph cleanup. Voice providers vary a lot here; most read
# emojis as awkward labels, so keep the speech script calm and literal.
_EMOJI_RE = re.compile(
"["
"\U0001F1E6-\U0001F1FF"
"\U0001F300-\U0001F5FF"
"\U0001F600-\U0001F64F"
"\U0001F680-\U0001F6FF"
"\U0001F700-\U0001F77F"
"\U0001F780-\U0001F7FF"
"\U0001F800-\U0001F8FF"
"\U0001F900-\U0001F9FF"
"\U0001FA00-\U0001FAFF"
"☀-➿"
"]+",
flags=re.UNICODE,
)
_VARIATION_SELECTOR_RE = re.compile("[︎️]")
def strip_markdown_for_tts(text: str) -> str:
"""Strip Markdown/Telegram formatting while preserving readable words."""
if not text:
return ""
text = html.unescape(str(text))
text = _MD_CODE_BLOCK_RE.sub(" ", text)
text = _MD_IMAGE_RE.sub(lambda m: f" {m.group(1)} " if m.group(1) else " ", text)
text = _MD_LINK_RE.sub(r"\1", text)
text = _URL_RE.sub("", text)
text = _MD_INLINE_CODE_RE.sub(r"\1", text)
text = _MD_BOLD_RE.sub(r"\1", text)
text = _MD_UNDERSCORE_BOLD_RE.sub(r"\1", text)
text = _MD_ITALIC_RE.sub(r"\1", text)
text = _MD_UNDERSCORE_ITALIC_RE.sub(r"\1", text)
text = _MD_STRIKE_RE.sub(r"\1", text)
# Mark headings (do not just delete the marker): the whitespace pass folds a
# heading into the sentence after it so speech says "Weather, it will be
# sunny" instead of a clipped "Weather." then a separate sentence.
text = _MD_HEADING_LINE_RE.sub(lambda m: m.group(1).rstrip() + _HEAD, text)
text = _MD_BLOCKQUOTE_RE.sub("", text)
text = _MD_LIST_ITEM_RE.sub("", text)
text = _MD_HR_RE.sub("", text)
# Pipe tables are terrible read aloud. Turn any leftover pipes into pauses
# instead of letting a provider speak "vertical bar".
text = _MD_TABLE_PIPE_RE.sub("; ", text)
return text
def _normalize_temperature_ranges(text: str) -> str:
# 11-17 degrees C -> "11 to 17 degrees Celsius" (en/em dash or hyphen).
text = re.sub(
r"(? str:
"""Expand common symbols/shorthand into words a TTS engine reads well."""
if not text:
return ""
text = str(text)
text = re.sub("[ ]", " ", text) # non-breaking / thin spaces
text = text.replace("\u2212", "-") # minus sign
text = text.replace("…", "...") # ellipsis
text = _normalize_temperature_ranges(text)
# Temperatures with a number. Do this before generic degree handling.
text = re.sub(r"(? "5 per month"). Requiring digit-then-letter
# keeps "and/or", "N/A", "TCP/IP" and dates like "2026/06" intact.
text = re.sub(r"(?<=\d)\s*/\s*(?=[A-Za-z])", " per ", text)
# Money and percentages. The integer part must END in a digit so a trailing
# comma ("A$50, ...") is not swallowed into the spoken amount.
text = re.sub(r"NZ\$\s*([\d,]*\d(?:\.\d+)?)", r"\1 New Zealand dollars", text, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = re.sub(r"A\$\s*([\d,]*\d(?:\.\d+)?)", r"\1 Australian dollars", text, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = re.sub(r"US\$\s*([\d,]*\d(?:\.\d+)?)", r"\1 US dollars", text, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
text = re.sub(r"€\s*([\d,]*\d(?:\.\d+)?)", r"\1 euros", text)
text = re.sub(r"£\s*([\d,]*\d(?:\.\d+)?)", r"\1 pounds", text)
text = re.sub(r"\$\s*([\d,]*\d(?:\.\d+)?)", r"\1 dollars", text)
text = re.sub(r"(?<=\d)\s*%", " percent", text)
# Operators and separators that commonly leak from formatted answers.
text = text.replace("&", " and ")
text = re.sub("[•◦▪▫]", " ", text) # bullet glyphs
text = text.replace("→", " to ") # ->
text = text.replace("⇒", " to ") # =>
text = text.replace("≈", " about ") # almost equal
text = text.replace("~", " about ")
text = _VARIATION_SELECTOR_RE.sub("", text)
text = _EMOJI_RE.sub("", text)
return text
def smooth_whitespace_for_tts(text: str) -> str:
"""Collapse visual formatting into calm spoken paragraphs.
A former heading line (marked with the _HEAD sentinel) folds into the next
content line as a spoken lead-in: "Weather" + "It will be sunny" becomes
"Weather, It will be sunny." A heading with no content after it becomes its
own short sentence.
"""
if not text:
return ""
raw_lines = text.splitlines()
add_sentence_pauses = sum(1 for raw_line in raw_lines if raw_line.replace(_HEAD, "").strip()) > 1
lines: list[str] = []
pending_heading: str | None = None
def flush_pending() -> None:
nonlocal pending_heading
if pending_heading is not None:
lines.append(pending_heading.rstrip(".:;,") + ".")
pending_heading = None
for raw_line in raw_lines:
is_heading = raw_line.rstrip().endswith(_HEAD)
line = raw_line.replace(_HEAD, "").strip()
if not line:
# Hold a pending heading across blank lines so it still folds into
# the next real content line; otherwise just collapse the blank.
if pending_heading is None and lines and lines[-1] != "":
lines.append("")
continue
if is_heading:
flush_pending()
pending_heading = line.rstrip(".:;,")
continue
if pending_heading is not None:
line = f"{pending_heading.rstrip('.:;,')}, {line}"
pending_heading = None
if add_sentence_pauses and line[-1] not in ".!?;:":
line += "."
lines.append(line)
flush_pending()
text = "\n".join(lines)
text = re.sub(r"\n{3,}", "\n\n", text)
text = re.sub(r"[ \t]{2,}", " ", text)
text = re.sub(r"\s+([,.;:!?])", r"\1", text)
text = re.sub(r"([,.;:!?])([A-Za-z])", r"\1 \2", text)
text = re.sub(r"\.{4,}", "...", text)
return text.strip()
# Reasoning blocks: models with ``/reasoning show`` enabled emit
# ``...`` blocks in the final assistant message. Users want to
# SEE reasoning, not hear it read aloud (#34213).
_THINK_BLOCK_RE = re.compile(r"].*?", flags=re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE)
# An unterminated block (streaming cut-off) should still not be spoken.
_THINK_BLOCK_OPEN_RE = re.compile(r"].*\Z", flags=re.DOTALL | re.IGNORECASE)
# Turn-end file-mutation verifier footer appended by run_agent.py
# (``_format_file_mutation_failure_footer``). It's a UI affordance — reading
# "warning file mutation verifier, 2 files were NOT modified..." aloud is
# noise (#40772). The footer is a ``⚠️ File-mutation verifier:`` header line
# followed by indented ``•`` bullet lines; strip the whole block.
_VERIFIER_FOOTER_RE = re.compile(
r"^\s*⚠️?\s*File-mutation verifier:.*(?:\n[ \t]+•.*)*",
flags=re.MULTILINE,
)
def strip_nonspoken_blocks(text: str) -> str:
"""Remove blocks that must never reach a speech provider.
Currently: ```` reasoning blocks and the end-of-turn
file-mutation verifier footer.
"""
if not text:
return ""
text = _THINK_BLOCK_RE.sub(" ", text)
text = _THINK_BLOCK_OPEN_RE.sub(" ", text)
text = _VERIFIER_FOOTER_RE.sub(" ", text)
return text
def flatten_newlines_for_payload(text: str) -> str:
"""Collapse newlines into sentence breaks for single-line TTS payloads.
Some OpenAI-compatible backends (e.g. Kokoro) truncate synthesis at the
first newline (#9004). The smoothing pass already terminates each line
with punctuation, so newlines can safely become plain spaces.
"""
if not text:
return ""
text = re.sub(r"\n{2,}", ". ", text)
text = re.sub(r"(?<=[.!?;:,])\n", " ", text)
text = text.replace("\n", ". ")
text = re.sub(r"\.\s*\.", ".", text)
text = re.sub(r"[ \t]{2,}", " ", text)
return text.strip()
def prepare_spoken_text(text: str, max_chars: int | None = 4000) -> str:
"""Return a TTS-friendly script from assistant text.
Deterministic cleanup, not a semantic rewrite: it removes ````
reasoning blocks and the file-mutation verifier footer, removes Markdown,
expands common symbols such as a degree-Celsius sign to "degrees Celsius",
turns visual line formatting into speakable sentence pauses, and flattens
the result to a single line so newline-sensitive providers (Kokoro) speak
the whole script.
"""
spoken = strip_nonspoken_blocks(text)
spoken = strip_markdown_for_tts(spoken)
spoken = normalize_symbols_for_tts(spoken)
spoken = smooth_whitespace_for_tts(spoken)
spoken = flatten_newlines_for_payload(spoken)
if max_chars is not None and max_chars > 0 and len(spoken) > max_chars:
spoken = spoken[:max_chars].rstrip()
return spoken