get_due_jobs()'s one-shot stale-entry recovery (#38758) treated an
expired run_claim (#59229) as proof the claiming tick died, but a run
stalled on network I/O — or a laptop asleep mid-run — legitimately
outlives the TTL while very much alive. The recovery then deleted the
job record mid-flight: list showed the job gone, and when the run
finished mark_job_run() found nothing to update, so last_run_at /
last_status / last_delivery_error were never recorded.
Two guards, per the liveness signals available:
- Same process (the common single-gateway case): before removing a
dispatch-limit-reached one-shot, consult the scheduler's running set
via a lazy import; if the job is still running here it is slow, not
stale — keep the entry.
- Cross process: run_job's monitor loop now refreshes run_claim.at
every 60s while the run is alive (including under
HERMES_CRON_TIMEOUT=0, which previously blocked without polling), so
an expired claim really does mean the owner died and the TTL stays a
dead-owner detector.
Fixes#62002
Structural completion of the malformed-job freeze fixes (#61382 id-less,
#61525 non-dict schedule, #61581 bad next_run_at): wrap the per-job body
of _get_due_jobs_locked in try/except so any FUTURE malformed-field
variant degrades to skipping that one job for the tick instead of
aborting the scan before save_jobs() and freezing the whole profile's
scheduler.
Also: restore test_repeated_concurrent_runs_accumulate_completed_count
to TestMarkJobRunConcurrency (accidentally re-parented by the #61581
diff), add a containment regression test, and AUTHOR_MAP for hydracoco7.
E2E: one jobs.json carrying all five malformed shapes (drifted job_id,
missing id, null schedule, garbage next_run_at, non-string last_run_at)
plus a healthy sibling — single tick contains all five, sibling fires,
repairs persist, second tick stable. 670 cron tests green.
One bad next_run_at value in jobs.json aborts the due-jobs scan with
ValueError from fromisoformat, before any save_jobs, so siblings lose
progress (fast-forwards etc).
Early normalization in _get_due_jobs_locked + defensive parses in
compute_next_run / _recoverable_oneshot_run_at.
Added test_bad_next_run_at_does_not_crash_or_block_sibling_jobs.
A job record in jobs.json can have a non-dict 'schedule' value (null, string,
etc.) from direct edit or old writers.
In _get_due_jobs_locked:
schedule = job.get('schedule', {})
kind = schedule.get('kind')
This (and direct schedule['kind'] in compute_next_run etc.) raises and
aborts the entire due-jobs scan before save_jobs() or advancing next_run_at
for healthy jobs. Exactly the same failure mode as the id-less job P1.
Fix: normalize non-dict schedules to {} early (before any use), matching the
defense added for id-less records. Also added defensive guards in compute
functions.
Added regression test that a bad schedule does not crash and healthy sibling
is still returned.
Refs similar pattern in #61382.
A cron record authored by a direct jobs.json edit that bypassed
add_job() can lack an "id" key (older writers used "job_id"). Every
site in _get_due_jobs_locked indexes job["id"] eagerly — both the
logging helpers (job.get("name", job["id"]) evaluates the default
argument unconditionally) and the 'for rj in raw_jobs: if rj["id"] ==
job["id"]' persistence loops. A single malformed record therefore
raised KeyError mid-tick, aborting the entire scan before save_jobs()
ran. Result: healthy jobs' fast-forwarded next_run_at was computed in
memory then discarded on the exception unwind, freezing the whole
profile's scheduler in a per-minute loop (observed dormant for weeks).
Fix: normalize id-less records at the top of _get_due_jobs_locked before
anything keys off job["id"] — recover the id from a drifted "job_id"
key when present, else synthesize one via uuid4, and persist. This
repairs the whole bug class at the source rather than guarding each of
the ~12 downstream index sites.
Adds a regression test that fails with KeyError on the current code and
passes with the fix, asserting a healthy sibling job is still returned
when an id-less record shares the store.
Three fixes for the silent post-restart ticker stall:
1. _jobs_lock() bounds its cross-process flock: LOCK_NB polled against a
30s deadline instead of an unbounded LOCK_EX taken while holding the
process-wide RLock. On timeout it logs at ERROR and degrades to
in-process-only locking (the existing fallback path), so a sibling
process wedged while holding .jobs.lock can no longer freeze every
cron function - including the ticker's get_due_jobs() and thus the
heartbeat - forever with zero logging.
2. fire_claim/run_claim freshness checks are bounded on both sides
(0 <= age < ttl): a claim stamped in the future (clock/TZ skew across
a restart) was previously fresh forever, making the job permanently
unfireable and every manual run report 'already being fired'.
3. _execute_job_now distinguishes paused/disabled/missing jobs from a
genuinely held claim instead of mislabeling them all as 'already
being fired'.
Follow-up to #59524. The one-shot running-claim stale-recovery window was a
fixed 30-min constant. Derive it from the cron inactivity timeout instead
(HERMES_CRON_TIMEOUT, the same limit the scheduler enforces per run) so the
safety valve tracks how long a run may actually go quiet:
- unset/invalid -> default 600s inactivity -> TTL 1800s (unchanged behaviour)
- positive N -> max(N * 3 headroom, 1800s floor)
- 0 (unlimited) -> no finite bound -> fall back to the 1800s constant
The fixed constant is kept as the floor + unlimited-case fallback. Resolved
once per due-scan. HERMES_CRON_TIMEOUT is a pre-existing internal env var
(already read by cron/scheduler.py); no new config surface.
E2E: with HERMES_CRON_TIMEOUT=1200 the claim now survives to 60min where the
old fixed 1800s constant wrongly expired it at 30min mid-run. +1 derivation
test; 640/640 cron tests pass.
The +60s next_run_at advance only delayed a duplicate one-shot dispatch by
one tick — a job that outlives the 60s tick interval (the reported 2.5-min
research prompt) still re-fired on the next tick after the window expired,
so the concurrent gateway+desktop double-delivery persisted.
Replace it with a durable run_claim (at+by, mirroring fire_claim) stamped
on the one-shot under the same jobs lock get_due_jobs holds, and checked at
the top of the due-scan: a fresh claim held by an in-flight run makes every
other scheduler process skip the job for its ENTIRE run, not one tick.
mark_job_run() clears the claim on completion; a ONESHOT_RUN_CLAIM_TTL
(30 min) safety valve re-dispatches a claim left by a tick that died mid-run
so a one-shot is never wedged.
E2E: long-running one-shot no longer double-fires at +28/+61/+120/+179s;
completion clears the claim + disables the job; crash recovery re-arms past
the TTL. +3 regression tests.
When two scheduler processes (gateway + desktop) run concurrently,
both could pick up the same one-shot job from get_due_jobs() because
its next_run_at was not advanced before execution started — only
recurring jobs were advanced (L3446). This caused duplicate deliveries
and wasted token spend (#59229).
Now _get_due_jobs_locked advances a one-shot's next_run_at by 60s
before returning it as due, persisted immediately under the same
file lock. mark_job_run re-anchors next_run_at on completion, so a
tick death between advance and execution only delays the job by one
tick window — it is never lost.
Closes#59229
Completes the #59395 bug-class fix. create_job and update_job's
schedule-change path already reject past one-shots (via #59410/#59438);
this closes the two remaining doors that stored next_run_at=None for a
'once' schedule and re-created the silent ghost job:
1. update_job fallback-recompute (the safety-net that re-derives
next_run_at when it's missing on an enabled, non-paused job)
2. resume_job (resuming a paused one-shot whose time has already passed
— empirically confirmed to create a scheduled job that never fires)
The redundant update_job schedule-change hunk from the original PR was
dropped (already on main via #59438). Adds resume-reject + update-reject/
accept regression tests.
Salvaged from #59428 by isheng-eqi.
Widen the #59395 fix to the sibling site: update_job's schedule-change path
(cron/jobs.py) had the SAME unguarded compute_next_run -> next_run_at pattern,
so updating a job's schedule to a one-shot >ONESHOT_GRACE_SECONDS in the past
would re-create the ghost job (next_run_at=None, state='scheduled', never fires)
that create_job now rejects. Apply the identical guard on update (raise before
any disk write, so the original job is left intact), with regression tests for
the reject + future-accept cases.
Also surface ONESHOT_GRACE_SECONDS in the raised ValueError (not just the
warning log) so a caller knows how far in the past is too far. Message from the
competing PR #59410 by @isheng-eqi.
Co-authored-by: isheng-eqi <265044697+isheng-eqi@users.noreply.github.com>
Completes the #30719 restart-loop defenses. Defenses 1-2 (the
_HERMES_GATEWAY guard on `hermes gateway stop|restart` + terminal_tool,
and the cron-creation lifecycle filter) already landed on main, but two
gaps remained:
- The agent's `cronjob` model tool calls cron.jobs.create_job directly,
bypassing the hermes_cli.cron.cron_create CLI filter, so lifecycle
commands scheduled via the model tool were only blocked at execution
time (terminal_tool), not at creation. Moved the filter to a shared
cron/lifecycle_guard.py enforced at create_job — the single chokepoint
every job-creation path hits (CLI + model tool). Re-exported
_contains_gateway_lifecycle_command from hermes_cli.cron so
terminal_tool's import keeps working.
- No breaker for the auto-resume loop itself. Defenses 1-2 cover the
cron/CLI/terminal paths, but any other SIGTERM source (e.g. a raw
terminal("launchctl kickstart ai.hermes.gateway")) still triggers the
boot->auto-resume->re-run cycle. Added gateway/restart_loop_guard.py:
counts restart-interrupted boots in a rolling window (config
gateway.restart_loop_guard, default 3 boots / 60s) and skips
auto-resume for that boot once tripped. The gateway still comes up and
serves real inbound messages; it just stops replaying the session that
keeps killing it, putting a human back in the loop.
Also tightened the lifecycle regex over main's version: dropped
`hermes gateway start` (benign), required the gateway identifier on the
launchctl/systemctl branches (so `launchctl unload
ai.hermes.update-checker.plist` and `systemctl restart
hermes-meta.service` no longer false-positive), added the inverse
pkill token order, and fixed the binary-script bypass (decode with
errors='replace' instead of swallowing UnicodeDecodeError). The
create_job guard resolves relative script paths under HERMES_HOME/scripts
the same way the scheduler does, so a bare script name is scanned as the
file that actually runs.
Design and much of defense-2 originate from PR #33395 (@kshitijk4poor),
which itself salvaged #30728 (@SimoKiihamaki). Rebuilt against current
main since defenses 1-2 had already landed under different names.
Closes#30719.
Co-authored-by: SimoKiihamaki <simo.kiihamaki@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: kshitijk4poor <82637225+kshitijk4poor@users.noreply.github.com>
A finite one-shot cron job whose side effect kills the tick (gateway
suicide, OOM, segfault, hard-timeout) re-fired forever: mark_job_run —
which increments repeat.completed and removes the job — runs AFTER the
job, so an abrupt tick death never records completion and every
supervisor relaunch re-dispatches the job (#38758).
Commit the dispatch BEFORE the side effect:
- claim_dispatch() increments repeat.completed under the cross-process
jobs lock and persists it before run_job(), converting finite
one-shots from at-least-once to at-most-times.
- Called from run_one_job (the shared body used by BOTH the built-in
ticker and the external Chronos fire_due path) before run_job.
- mark_job_run skips the increment for pre-claimed one-shots (no
double-count) and still removes at the limit.
- get_due_jobs drops a stale one-shot already at its dispatch limit so
a job claimed-but-not-cleaned-up after a crash stops appearing as due.
- No-op for recurring jobs (advance_next_run) and infinite/no-repeat
one-shots; a handed-in job dict absent from the store proceeds.
Closes#38758
The curator's inactivity prune archived any non-pinned agent-created
skill whose activity was older than archive_after_days (90d). A skill
loaded only by a cron job had its usage bumped solely when the job
fired, so paused jobs, infrequent (quarterly/annual) schedules, and
far-future one-shots aged their skills out from under them — the next
run then failed to load the now-archived skill.
- cron/jobs.py: add referenced_skill_names() returning skills used by
ANY job (incl. paused/disabled).
- curator.apply_automatic_transitions(): skip cron-referenced skills
like pinned; add a use=0 grace floor so a never-used skill is not
marked stale/archived until it is at least stale_after_days old.
- LLM review pass: candidate list marks cron=yes; prompt forbids
pruning cron-referenced skills and never-used skills under 30 days.
Tested E2E against a real cron job + real usage records and with 4 new
unit tests.
A profile's cron jobs now provably live in AND execute under that profile's
HERMES_HOME. A job authored under profile `coder` is stored at
`~/.hermes/profiles/coder/cron/jobs.json` and runs with coder's .env,
config.yaml, scripts and skills — never the default root's.
This was the de-facto behavior on main but only by accident: PR #50112 had
re-anchored cron storage at the shared default root, and a later stale-branch
squash merge (#52147) silently reverted it back to the profile home. Neither
direction was guarded by a test, so it could flip again on the next stale merge.
Changes:
- cron/jobs.py: document the per-profile storage anchor (get_hermes_home, NOT
get_default_hermes_root) and why anchoring at the root leaks
config/credentials/skills across profiles — the #4707 security boundary.
- cron/scheduler.py, cron/suggestions.py: same intent documented at the
dynamic resolution helper and the suggestions store.
- tests/cron/test_cron_profile_isolation.py: pin storage, lock-path, and
execution-home resolution to the active profile so a re-anchor can't regress.
Verified E2E: jobs created under two profiles land in separate per-profile
stores with zero cross-profile leakage and no shared-root store; scheduler
execution-home follows the active profile. Full cron suite: 576/576.
* fix(cron): add default retention to per-run job output to bound disk usage (#52383)
Per-run cron output (cron/output/<job>/<timestamp>.md) is written once
per execution and was never pruned, so a frequently-scheduled job on
a long-running deploy accumulates one file per run indefinitely and
can fill the volume ('no space left on device').
save_job_output() now keeps the most recent N output files per job and
removes older ones. N defaults to 50 and is configurable via
cron.output_retention; a non-positive value disables pruning for
operators who manage cleanup externally.
Salvaged from #52402 by @0xDevNinja.
Closes#52383
* fix(config): add cron.output_retention to DEFAULT_CONFIG
Follow-up to #52383: the retention config key was functional via
get()-with-default but missing from DEFAULT_CONFIG, so the deep-merge
wouldn't auto-populate it for new installs. Add it explicitly.
---------
Co-authored-by: 0xDevNinja <manmit0x@gmail.com>
Adds an opt-in path so a cron job's delivered output is also appended to
the TARGET chat's gateway session transcript (as an assistant turn), so a
user reply to a recurring delivery (daily brief, reminder) is answered with
the delivery in context instead of 'what is that?' amnesia.
- Reuses the shipped gateway.mirror.mirror_to_session — the same primitive
interactive send_message mirroring already uses. No messaging-toolset
change (cron still can't call send_message; this rides delivery).
- Gated: per-job attach_to_session overrides global cron.mirror_delivery
(config.yaml). Default OFF — historical isolation preserved byte-for-byte.
- Mirrors the CLEAN agent output, not the cron header/footer wrapper.
- Alternation/cache-safe: append lands at a turn boundary, never mid-loop,
never mutates the cached system prompt. Cold-start (no target session)
is a silent no-op; mirror errors never fail a successful delivery.
- Surfaced on the cronjob tool (attach_to_session) + config schema.
Driven by enterprise cron-as-control-plane use case. 10 new tests; full
cron + cronjob-tool suites pass (600).
A naive ISO timestamp (e.g. 2026-06-22T20:07:00) was anchored to the
server's local timezone via dt.astimezone(), but the due-check
(get_due_jobs -> _hermes_now()) runs in the CONFIGURED Hermes timezone.
When the two diverge (cloud host on UTC with a different timezone: set,
or vice-versa) the stored instant lands hours off the user's wall-clock
intent, so one-shots never become due and recurring jobs fire at the
wrong time. The ticker stays healthy (heartbeat + success markers fresh)
because every tick finds nothing due, matching the silent no-fire in #51021.
Anchor naive timestamps to _hermes_now().tzinfo so '20:07' means 20:07 on
the same clock the scheduler checks against. The legacy _ensure_aware path
still treats already-stored naive values as server-local for back-compat.
Fixes#51021
* Revert "fix(cron): scope job execution to its owning profile (#32091 follow-up) (#50993)"
This reverts commit 660e36f097.
* Revert "fix(cron): anchor cron storage at the default root home (not the active profile)"
This reverts commit a5c09fd176.
The #32091 fix moved every profile's cron jobs into one shared root store,
but never wired the execution-scoping half it recommended: a job still ran
under whichever profile's ticker picked it up, not its owning profile. So a
job created under `hermes -p donna` could execute with the root profile's
.env / config.yaml / credentials.
- jobs.py: create_job auto-captures the active profile (explicit profile=
override available) and stores it on the job; resolve_profile_home() maps a
profile name to its HERMES_HOME; legacy jobs backfill to 'default'.
- scheduler.py: run_job applies the job's profile via a scoped HERMES_HOME
override (env var + in-process ContextVar) before any .env/config/script
load, restored in finally. tick() routes profile-mismatched jobs to the
single-worker sequential pool so the env mutation can't race.
- cronjob tool threads profile through (NOT exposed in the model schema, to
avoid cross-profile privilege escalation); hermes cron add gains --profile.
E2E verified against a temp HERMES_HOME with a real profile dir: a root-profile
ticker runs a profile='donna' job with HERMES_HOME=donna during execution and
restores the ticker env afterward.
An unpinned cron job follows the global default provider (config.yaml
model.default + resolve_runtime_provider). If that global state is changed
after the job is created — e.g. a temporary switch to a paid provider like
nous/claude-fable-5 — the job silently inherits it on its next tick and spends
real money. This is the reported $7.73 incident: a job created under a
free/default provider later inherited a temporary paid switch.
Fix (ask #1 only) preserves the legitimate "unpinned job should follow
model.default" use case by detecting *drift* rather than freezing the model:
- create_job (cron/jobs.py): for UNPINNED, agent-backed jobs (no explicit
provider, not no_agent), snapshot the provider that resolution WOULD pick
right now into a new optional `provider_snapshot` field, resolved via the
same resolve_runtime_provider() path the ticker uses. Fail-open to None on
any resolution error so job creation never breaks.
- run_job (cron/scheduler.py): right after runtime resolution, if the job has
a provider_snapshot AND is unpinned AND the currently-resolved provider
DIFFERS from the snapshot, fail closed for that run — make no paid call and
deliver a loud, actionable alert naming both providers and telling the user
to pin explicitly (`cronjob action=update job_id=.. provider=..`).
Back-compat: jobs with no snapshot (pre-existing jobs, no_agent jobs, or any
job whose creation-time resolution failed) behave exactly as before — the
guard only engages when a snapshot exists. Explicitly-pinned jobs (job.provider
set) are unaffected since they don't drift with global state.
Tests: tests/cron/test_cron_provider_pin.py covers snapshot-matches (runs),
snapshot-differs (fail closed, no agent constructed), no-snapshot back-compat,
None-snapshot back-compat, explicitly-pinned (runs regardless), plus create_job
snapshot capture/skip/fail-open. The fail-closed case is load-bearing (fails
without the guard).
Issue #44585 asks #2-4 (hard-stop a running job, gateway-stop containment,
fail-closed on provider mutation) are out of scope for this change.
`cron/jobs.py` resolved `HERMES_DIR`/`JOBS_FILE` from `get_hermes_home()`,
which follows the active profile override. So a job created from a
profile-scoped agent session (`hermes -p myprofile chat`, where the in-process
`cronjob` tool calls `create_job`) was written to
`~/.hermes/profiles/myprofile/cron/jobs.json`, while the profile-less gateway
(`hermes gateway run`) reads only `~/.hermes/cron/jobs.json`. The job was
silently orphaned: `cronjob action=list` from the same profile reported it
healthy (same file), but the gateway ticker never saw it and it never fired.
`last_run_at` stayed null forever. (#32091)
Fix: resolve the cron store from `get_default_hermes_root()` — the
purpose-built "profile-level operations" root that returns `<root>` even when
`HERMES_HOME` is `<root>/profiles/<name>` (and handles Docker/custom layouts).
Now the creator, the gateway scheduler, and the dashboard all agree on a
single jobs.json at the root, so a job created under any profile is visible to
the gateway.
Scope: this is the storage-location half of the fix. Making a job *execute*
under its originating profile's config/skills (a per-job `profile` field +
runtime context scoping, the #48649 sibling) is a separate, riskier change and
will follow as its own PR — keeping this layer minimal and safe.
Salvaged from #32117 by @mohamedorigami-jpg (authorship preserved). The
comprehensive #33839 (@sweetcornna) takes the same Option-A storage approach
and additionally adds the per-job profile execution scoping; this PR lands the
safe storage layer first.
Tests: `tests/cron/test_cron_profile_storage.py` — asserts the store anchors
at `<root>/cron` under a profile HERMES_HOME (not `<profile>/cron`), and is
unchanged when no profile is active. Full `tests/cron/` suite: 511 passed.
Fixes#32091
Co-authored-by: mohamedorigami-jpg <mohamed.origami@gmail.com>
When a recurring job's execution time exceeds `interval + grace`, the
scheduler entered a perpetual "missed → fast-forward → skip" loop and the
job effectively never ran again. A real job (`hermes-upstream-contribution`)
logged 42 consecutive "missed" events over 9 hours without executing once.
Timeline (5-min interval, 150s grace, ~15-min execution):
14:00 due → advance next_run_at→14:05 → run (blocks 15 min)
14:15 finishes
14:16 tick: next_run_at=14:05, elapsed 660s > grace 150s → "missed!"
→ fast-forward to 14:21 → continue (SKIP) → does NOT run
... repeats forever for any job whose runtime > interval+grace.
The `continue` (skip execution) in `_get_due_jobs_locked` was designed to
prevent burst-catchup after *gateway downtime* — don't run 6 missed
instances of a 30-min job on restart. But it wrongly applied to a job that
missed its slot because it was *still running*, not because the gateway was
down.
Fix: keep the fast-forward (so accumulated missed slots are still collapsed
to a single next slot — no burst) but fall through to `due.append(job)` so
the job runs ONCE now. The log message is updated to be honest about the new
behavior ("Running now; next run fast-forwarded to: ...").
Behavior note: a recurring job missed during gateway downtime now also fires
once immediately on restart (rather than waiting for its next natural slot).
This is the intended trade-off — the same "run once, don't burst" rule now
applies uniformly to both downtime-misses and long-execution-misses.
Salvaged from #33318 by @liuhao1024 (authorship preserved). Also addresses
the diagnosis in #33361 (@agent-trivi), which proposed the same one-line fix.
Tests: updates `test_stale_past_due_skipped` →
`test_stale_past_due_runs_once_and_fast_forwards` (the old test encoded the
skip behavior); adds `test_long_execution_does_not_perpetually_defer` as a
direct regression for the production loop; updates the F2e timezone test that
relied on the old skip path. Full tests/cron/ suite: 510 passed.
Fixes#33315
Co-authored-by: liuhao1024 <sunsky.lau@gmail.com>
A recurring cron job persists `next_run_at` as an absolute timestamp with a
UTC offset (e.g. `2026-05-19T21:00:00+10:00`). Cron expressions, however,
describe *local wall-clock* intent ("run at 21:00"). When Hermes/system
timezone changes after the timestamp was persisted, the stored instant is
re-interpreted in the new zone: `21:00+10:00` is the instant `13:00+02:00`,
which is `<= now` (13:02+02:00) — so the job fires HOURS EARLY, then
`compute_next_run` advances it via croniter to `21:00+02:00` the same day,
producing a SECOND fire. (#28934, recurrence of #24289.)
`_get_due_jobs_locked` now detects this precise migration case before the
due check: for a `cron` job whose converted instant looks due, whose stored
UTC offset differs from the current zone's, AND whose stored *wall-clock*
time is still in the future (distinguishing a migrated offset from a
genuinely missed run), it recomputes `next_run_at` from the schedule and
skips the early fire — preserving the local wall-clock intent.
Verified against the issue's reproducer: stored `21:00+10` under runtime
`+02:00` at wall-clock `13:02` is rescheduled to `21:00+02` instead of
firing early + again.
Salvaged from #28941 by @Tranquil-Flow (authorship preserved). Chosen over
the alternative approaches (#28951 normalize-to-UTC, #28985 rebase-and-match)
because UTC-normalization does not change the absolute-instant comparison and
so does not fix the early fire, and this guard is the tightest: it only acts
when all four conditions hold and reuses the existing `compute_next_run`.
Fixes#28934
The in-process cron ticker (cron/scheduler_provider.py) caught only
`Exception` and logged at DEBUG, so a `SystemExit`/`KeyboardInterrupt`
raised from a misbehaving provider SDK or agent retry path killed the
ticker thread silently. The gateway PROCESS stayed up, so `hermes cron
status` — which only checks `find_gateway_pids()` — kept reporting
"✓ jobs will fire automatically" while no jobs ever fired (#32612,
#32895).
This makes ticker death survivable and detectable:
- The ticker loop now catches `BaseException` and logs at ERROR with a
traceback, so a single bad tick no longer tears the thread down and
the failure is visible in the gateway log.
- The loop records a heartbeat (`cron/ticker_heartbeat`, epoch seconds)
on startup and after every tick — best-effort, never raised into the
loop. Both ticker entry points (the gateway and the desktop fallback
in web_server.py) funnel through `InProcessCronScheduler.start`, so one
heartbeat site covers both.
- `hermes cron status` now reads the heartbeat age: if the gateway is
running but the heartbeat is stale (> 200s, i.e. several missed ~60s
ticks), it reports the ticker as STALLED and suggests a restart instead
of falsely claiming jobs will fire. A missing heartbeat (older build /
never ran) is treated as "unknown", not "dead".
Adds tests for BaseException survival, per-iteration heartbeat recording,
heartbeat round-trip/age, staleness detection, and silent-write-failure.
Salvaged from #49660 (BaseException survival on current structure),
extended with the heartbeat + honest-status reporting that the earlier
(pre-refactor) watchdog PRs #35616 and #33849 proposed.
Fixes#32612Fixes#32895
Co-authored-by: banditburai <promptsiren@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: sweetcornna <96944678+sweetcornna@users.noreply.github.com>
Phase 4C. claim_job_for_fire(job_id, *, claim_ttl_seconds=300) in cron/jobs.py:
under the existing _jobs_lock() file lock, claim a job for a single external
fire so that across N gateway replicas exactly ONE wins. Single-machine
deployments always win (unaffected).
Semantics:
- missing / disabled / paused job → False.
- a fresh fire_claim (younger than claim_ttl_seconds) already present → False
(someone else holds it). Stale claim (crashed winner) → overwrite, so a job
is never wedged forever.
- on win: stamp fire_claim={at, by:_machine_id()}; for recurring (cron/interval)
advance next_run_at (mirrors advance_next_run's at-most-once bump so a stale
re-delivery can't re-fire); one-shots keep next_run_at but the fresh claim
blocks a duplicate retry for the same fire.
- mark_job_run now clears fire_claim on completion so a re-armed recurring job
is claimable again next fire.
_machine_id() (HERMES_MACHINE_ID env, else hostname:pid) is attribution-only;
correctness is the file lock + fresh-claim check, not the id.
This is consumed by CronScheduler.fire_due (Phase 4B). tick is untouched — it
still uses advance_next_run, so the built-in single-machine path is unaffected.
Tests (real store, temp HERMES_HOME): claim-once-then-block + next_run advance,
one-shot no-double-claim, unknown→False, paused→False, stale-claim reclaimable,
mark_job_run clears the claim (recurring re-claimable). tests/cron/ 470 passed.
Route curator rollback through the same cross-process cron job lock, make save_jobs lock for legacy direct callers without deadlocking nested mutation paths, and harden the regression test so a second _jobs_lock caller really blocks across processes.
`hermes cron pause`/`resume`/`remove` run in their own CLI process (CLI →
cronjob tool → pause_job → update_job → save_jobs), entirely separate from
the gateway process that also writes jobs.json (mark_job_run, advance_next_run,
due-fast-forward in get_due_jobs). The only synchronization was a module-level
`threading.Lock`, which serializes writers *within a single process* but does
nothing across processes — and update_job/pause_job/remove_job/create_job did
not even take it.
The result is a classic lost update: a `cron pause` issued while the gateway is
live loads jobs.json, sets enabled=False, and saves; concurrently the gateway
loads the same file and saves back its run-bookkeeping, clobbering the pause.
The CLI prints "Paused" (it succeeded against its own in-memory copy) but the
job stays enabled and keeps firing, with no error surfaced. The scheduler's
`.tick.lock` flock can't be reused for this — it is held for the entire tick,
including multi-minute agent runs, so a CLI mutation would block for minutes.
Add `_jobs_lock()`: a short-held cross-process advisory file lock (fcntl/msvcrt
flock on `<hermes_home>/cron/.jobs.lock`) layered over the existing in-process
lock, and wrap every load→modify→save critical section with it — create_job,
update_job, remove_job, mark_job_run, advance_next_run, get_due_jobs,
rewrite_skill_refs. The lock degrades to in-process-only if neither fcntl nor
msvcrt is available, preserving prior behaviour. All critical sections are short
(field edits, no agent execution), so contention resolves in milliseconds.
Adds a regression test that proves the lock excludes a second process (an
in-process threading.Lock cannot).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Fully removes the cron per-job 'profile' arg added in #28124: the
cronjob tool schema field, CLI --profile flags on cron create/edit,
job-record storage/validation, the scheduler's _job_profile_context
wrapper, and the script-runner env override. Sequential-partition
logic reverts to workdir-only.
The context-local HERMES_HOME override in hermes_constants and the
subprocess bridging in tools/environments/local.py are kept — they
now have other consumers (dashboard multi-profile, TUI gateway).
Salvages 8 distinct fixes from a batch of PRs by @kyssta-exe, reapplied
onto current main (original branches were stale) with a few refinements.
- cron(jobs.py): load_jobs() validates top-level JSON shape — a bare
list auto-repairs into the {"jobs": [...]} dict; scalars/null raise a
clear RuntimeError instead of an uncaught AttributeError that took
down the whole cron subsystem (#37065, closes#36867).
- web(web_server.py): close the per-action log file handle after Popen
so the parent stops leaking one fd per spawned action (#36843).
- web(web_server.py): DELETE /api/env returns 400 for invalid key names
instead of a misleading 500, mirroring PUT /api/env (#36840).
- gateway(gateway.py): read /proc/<pid>/cmdline inside a with-block so
the fd is released immediately instead of relying on GC (#36804).
- web-tools(web_tools.py): include "xai" in check_web_api_key() so a
configured X.AI web backend reports as available (#36802).
- compression(conversation_compression.py): mark the feasibility check
done only after it completes, and default the gate to "not checked"
if the attribute is missing (#36803).
- completion(completion.py): replace `ls` with directory globbing in the
generated bash/zsh/fish profile listers — handles names with spaces
and skips non-directory entries (#36806).
- terminal-tool(terminal_tool.py): drop a duplicate `import threading`
(#36808).
- claw(claw.py): the migrate recommendation now points at the real
`hermes gateway stop` command instead of the non-existent
`hermes stop` (#36795, #36796, closes#36771).
- tests: guard against a leaked HERMES_CRON_SESSION breaking gateway
approval tests — add it to the hermetic conftest unset list (root
cause, protects every test) and pop it in the affected test's
setup_method (#36796).
Co-authored-by: kyssta-exe <kyssta-exe@users.noreply.github.com>
Two defense-in-depth fixes on cron output path handling:
1. cron/jobs.py:update_job() rejects mutation of the immutable 'id' field
(raises ValueError). Dashboard PUT /api/cron/jobs/{id} converts this to
HTTP 400. Without this, an attacker who can reach the update endpoint
could rename a job's id to '../escape' and move its output directory
outside OUTPUT_DIR.
2. cron/jobs.py:_job_output_dir() validates job IDs before composing
paths: rejects '.', '..', '/', '\\', absolute paths, and Windows drive
prefixes. Used by save_job_output() and remove_job() so legacy unsafe
IDs (from before this guard) fail closed rather than half-applying a
shutil.rmtree or output write outside the sandbox.
Tests:
- update_job rejects {'id': '../escape'} without renaming
- remove_job(legacy '../escape' id) raises ValueError without deleting
files outside OUTPUT_DIR or removing the job from the store
- save_job_output rejects '..', './escape', 'nested/escape',
absolute paths
- dashboard PUT /api/cron/jobs/{id} with {'id': '../escape'} returns
400, job list unchanged
Salvaged from PR #29826 by @zapabob. Simplified implementation:
- Dropped a 23-line _validate_job_output_id() helper using Path.parts
semantics. The inline check (path separators + dot-components +
is_absolute) is shorter and behaviorally identical.
- Dropped the secondary OUTPUT_DIR.resolve()/relative_to() check —
redundant once we reject any path separator at the input boundary.
- Dropped the _docs/2026-05-21_cron-output-path-hardening_codex.md
planning artifact (we don't check planning docs into the repo).
Co-authored-by: teknium1 <127238744+teknium1@users.noreply.github.com>
Cron mutation operations (run/pause/resume/remove) and 'hermes cron edit'
now accept a job name in addition to the hex ID, with case-insensitive
matching. Before this, 'hermes cron run my_job_name' died with
'Job with ID my_job_name not found' and forced the user to look up the
hex ID first.
The original PR matched by name but silently picked the first match when
two jobs shared a name. This version refuses to act on an ambiguous name
and surfaces every matching job (id, name, schedule, next_run_at) so the
caller can pick a specific ID.
- cron/jobs.py:
- get_job() stays ID-only (preserves existing call-site semantics for
web_server/api_server/curator/scheduler/test code that always passes
real IDs).
- resolve_job_ref() is the new name-or-ID resolver, used by pause/
resume/trigger/remove_job. Exact ID match wins over a name match
even if a different job's name happens to equal that ID. Ambiguous
name match raises AmbiguousJobReference with all candidate IDs.
- tools/cronjob_tools.py: dispatch site uses resolve_job_ref, surfaces
ambiguous matches as a structured error with the matching IDs.
- hermes_cli/cron.py: 'cron edit' uses resolve_job_ref so editing by
name works and ambiguous names are reported with IDs.
- tests/cron/test_jobs.py: new TestResolveJobRef covering ID match,
case-insensitive name match, ID-wins-over-name, ambiguous refusal,
and that pause/resume/trigger/remove all refuse on ambiguity.
Closes#2627
Replace with for all literal-tuple
membership tests. Set lookup is O(1) vs O(n) for tuple — consistent
micro-optimization across the codebase.
608 instances fixed via `ruff --fix --unsafe-fixes`, 0 remaining.
133 files, +626/-626 (net zero).
remove_job() deletes the job from cron/jobs.json but leaves the per-job
output directory at ~/.hermes/cron/output/{job_id}/ behind. Over time
this accumulates orphaned dirs that never get reclaimed.
Adopted from #13510 by @hekaru-agent; the honcho RLock half of that PR
was already salvaged in commit dad021745 so this lands the remaining
cron cleanup hunk on its own.
get_due_jobs() called load_jobs() and save_jobs() without holding
_jobs_file_lock, creating a race with the locked mark_job_run() and
advance_next_run(). Wrap get_due_jobs() with the lock (delegating to a
new _get_due_jobs_locked() inner function) so all load→modify→save
cycles are serialised. Add two regression tests: one verifying 3
concurrent mark_job_run() calls each land their correct last_status and
last_run_at without overwrites, and a stress test confirming 10 parallel
calls each increment their job's completed count to exactly 1.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
* feat(cron): add no_agent mode for script-only cron jobs (watchdog pattern)
Adds a no_agent=True option to the cronjob system. When enabled, the
scheduler runs the attached script on schedule and delivers its stdout
directly to the job's target — no LLM, no agent loop, no token spend.
This is the classic bash-watchdog pattern (memory alert every 5 min,
disk alert every 15 min, CI ping) reimplemented as a first-class Hermes
primitive instead of a systemd timer + curl + bot token triplet living
outside the system.
## What
hermes cron create "every 5m" \
--no-agent \
--script memory-watchdog.sh \
--deliver telegram \
--name memory-watchdog
Agent tool:
cronjob(action='create',
schedule='every 5m',
script='memory-watchdog.sh',
no_agent=True,
deliver='telegram')
Semantics:
- Script stdout (trimmed) → delivered verbatim as the message
- Empty stdout → silent tick (no delivery; watchdog pattern)
- wakeAgent=false gate → silent tick (same gate LLM jobs use)
- Non-zero exit/timeout → delivered as an error alert
(broken watchdogs shouldn't fail silently)
- No LLM ever invoked; no tokens spent; no provider fallback applied
## Implementation
cron/jobs.py
* create_job gains no_agent: bool = False
* prompt becomes Optional (no_agent jobs don't need one)
* Validation: no_agent=True requires a script at create time
* Field roundtrips via load_jobs / save_jobs / update_job
cron/scheduler.py
* run_job: new short-circuit branch at the top that runs the script,
wraps its output into the (success, doc, final_response, error)
tuple downstream delivery already expects, and returns before any
AIAgent import or construction
* _run_job_script: picks interpreter by extension — .sh/.bash run
under /bin/bash, anything else under sys.executable (Python).
Shell support unlocks the bash-watchdog pattern without wrapping
scripts in Python. Extension is explicit; we deliberately do NOT
trust the file's own shebang. Path-containment guard (scripts dir)
unchanged.
tools/cronjob_tools.py
* Schema: new no_agent boolean property with clear trigger guidance
* cronjob() accepts no_agent and validates mode-specific shape:
- no_agent=True requires script; prompt/skills optional
- no_agent=False keeps the existing 'prompt or skill required' rule
* update path rejects flipping no_agent=True on a job without a script
* _format_job surfaces no_agent in list output
* Handler lambda forwards no_agent from tool args
hermes_cli/main.py, hermes_cli/cron.py
* 'hermes cron create --no-agent' and edit's --no-agent / --agent
pair for toggling at CLI parity with the agent tool
* Existing --script help text updated to describe both modes
* List / create / edit output now shows 'Mode: no-agent (...)' when set
## Tests
tests/cron/test_cron_no_agent.py — 18 tests covering:
* create_job: no_agent shape, validation, field persistence
* update_job: flag roundtrip across reload
* cronjob tool: schema validation, update toggling, mode-specific
requirements, prompt-relaxation rule
* run_job short-circuit:
- success path delivers stdout verbatim
- empty stdout → SILENT_MARKER (no delivery downstream)
- wakeAgent=false gate → silent
- script failure → error alert
- run_job does NOT import AIAgent (verified via mock)
* _run_job_script:
- .sh executes via bash (no shebang required)
- .bash executes via bash
- .py still runs via sys.executable (regression)
- path-traversal still blocked (security regression)
All 18 new tests pass. 341/342 pre-existing cron tests still pass; the
one failure (test_script_empty_output_noted) was already broken on main
and is unrelated to this change.
## Docs
website/docs/guides/cron-script-only.md — new dedicated guide covering
the watchdog pattern, interpreter rules, delivery mapping, worked
examples (memory / disk alerts), and the comparison table vs hermes send,
regular LLM cron jobs, and OS-level cron.
website/docs/user-guide/features/cron.md — new 'No-agent mode' section
in the cron feature reference, cross-linked to the guide.
website/docs/guides/automate-with-cron.md — new tip box pointing users
to no-agent mode when they don't need LLM reasoning.
## Compatibility
- Existing jobs: unchanged. no_agent defaults to False, existing code
paths untouched until the flag is set.
- Schema additive only; older jobs.json without the field load fine
via .get() with False default.
- New CLI flags are opt-in and don't alter existing flag behavior.
* fix(cron): lazy-import AIAgent + SessionDB so no_agent ticks pay zero
The unconditional `from run_agent import AIAgent` + SessionDB() init at
the top of run_job() meant every no_agent tick still paid the full agent
module load cost (~300ms + transitive imports + DB open) even though it
never touched any of that machinery.
Move both to live under the default (LLM) path, after the no_agent
short-circuit has returned. Now a no_agent tick's sys.modules stays
clean — verified end-to-end:
assert 'run_agent' not in sys.modules # before
run_job(no_agent_job)
assert 'run_agent' not in sys.modules # after
The existing mock-based unit test (test_run_job_no_agent_never_invokes_aiagent)
kept passing because patch() replaces the class AFTER import; the leak
was only visible via real subprocess-style verification. End-to-end
demo confirmed: agent calls cronjob(no_agent=True) → script runs →
stdout delivered → no LLM machinery loaded.
* docs(cron): tighten no_agent tool schema — defaults, silent semantics, pick rule
Previous description buried the important bits in one long sentence.
Agents could plausibly miss three things an LLM-facing schema should
make unmissable:
1. What the default is — now first sentence + JSON Schema `default: false`
2. What 'silent run' actually means for the user — now spelled out:
'nothing is sent to the user and they won't see anything happened'
3. When to pick True vs False — now a concrete decision rule with
examples on both sides (watchdogs/metrics/pollers → True;
summarize/draft/pick/rephrase → False)
Also adds explicit 'prompt and skills are ignored when True' since the
agent could otherwise still pass them out of habit.
No behavior change — schema text only.
Fixes#18722
get_due_jobs() now recomputes next_run_at via compute_next_run() for
cron/interval jobs that arrived with null next_run_at (e.g. via direct
jobs.json edits) instead of silently skipping them. _resolve_origin()
guards with isinstance(origin, dict), and _deliver_result() now routes
through _resolve_origin() so string/non-dict origins no longer crash
the ticker.
References: references #18735 (open competing fix from automated bulk PR touching 79 files); this PR is a focused single-issue contribution and adds the missing interval-recovery test variant
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
When the curator consolidates skill X into umbrella Y, any cron job
that listed X in its skills field would fail to load X at run time —
the scheduler logs a warning and skips it, so the scheduled job runs
without the instructions it was scheduled to follow.
cron.jobs.rewrite_skill_refs(consolidated, pruned) now updates jobs
in-place: consolidated names route to the umbrella target (dedup
when umbrella is already present), pruned names are dropped.
agent.curator._write_run_report calls it after classification,
best-effort so a cron-side failure never breaks the curator itself.
Results are recorded in run.json (counts.cron_jobs_rewritten + full
cron_rewrites payload), a separate cron_rewrites.json for convenience
when jobs were touched, and a section in REPORT.md.
Reported by @tombielecki.
Cron is a built-in Hermes feature (CLI `hermes cron`, `cronjob` agent
tool, gateway ticker, scheduler in cron/scheduler.py) but croniter has
been gated behind the [cron] optional extra. Users who do a plain
`pip install hermes-agent` can create jobs via /cron but any recurring
cron schedule silently returns next_run_at=None (HAS_CRONITER=False),
which then gets wrapped into a 'state=error' message only after a tick.
Move croniter into core dependencies so scheduled jobs work out of the
box on any install path. The [cron] extra is kept as an empty
passthrough so existing `pip install hermes-agent[cron]` installs and
the [all]/[termux] extras continue to resolve.
Also update the now-stale user-facing error message in
`compute_next_run()` that still tells users to install `hermes-agent[cron]`.
Salvaged from #17234 (authored by @txbxxx) with a corrected premise:
the original PR claimed [cron] wasn't in [all], but it is (pyproject.toml
line 112). The real UX problem is the plain no-extras install path,
which this fix addresses.
compute_next_run() ignored the last_run_at parameter for cron-type
schedules, always computing from _hermes_now() instead. This was
inconsistent with interval jobs which DO use last_run_at as the anchor.
After a crash or restart, cron jobs would compute next_run_at from
the arbitrary restart time rather than the actual last execution time.
While the stale detection in get_due_jobs() catches most cases, using
last_run_at as the croniter base eliminates edge cases and makes the
behavior consistent across schedule types.
Salvaged from #9014 (authored by @beenherebefore) onto current main.
The original PR branch was 2+ weeks stale and would have reverted
substantial unrelated work (jobs_file_lock, workdir/context_from/
enabled_toolsets, issue #16265 state=error recovery). Kept just the
7-line substantive fix and the regression test.
Extract the islink/realpath guard from the 16743 fix into a single
atomic_replace() helper in utils.py, then migrate every os.replace()
call site in the codebase to use it.
The original PR #16777 correctly identified and fixed the bug, but
only patched 9 of ~24 call sites. The same bug class (managed
deployments that symlink state files silently losing the link on
every write) still existed at auth.json, sessions file, gateway
config, env_loader, webhook subscriptions, debug store, model
catalog, pairing, google OAuth, nous rate guard, and more.
Rather than add another 10+ copies of the same three-line guard,
consolidate into atomic_replace(tmp, target) which:
- resolves symlinks via os.path.realpath before os.replace
- returns the resolved real path so callers can re-apply permissions
- is a drop-in replacement for os.replace at the use sites
Changes:
- utils.py: new atomic_replace() helper + atomic_json_write /
atomic_yaml_write now call it instead of inlining the guard
- 16 files: all os.replace() call sites migrated to atomic_replace()
- agent/{google_oauth, nous_rate_guard, shell_hooks}.py
- cron/jobs.py
- gateway/{pairing, session, platforms/telegram}.py
- hermes_cli/{auth, config, debug, env_loader, model_catalog, webhook}.py
- tools/{memory_tool, skill_manager_tool, skills_sync}.py
Tests: tests/test_atomic_replace_symlinks.py pins the invariant for
atomic_replace + atomic_json_write + atomic_yaml_write, covers plain
files, first-time creates, broken symlinks, and permission preservation.
Refs #16743
Builds on #16777 by @vominh1919.
