## Why
Hermes supports Linux, macOS, and native Windows, but the codebase grew up
POSIX-first and has accumulated patterns that silently break (or worse,
silently kill!) on Windows:
- `os.kill(pid, 0)` as a liveness probe — on Windows this maps to
CTRL_C_EVENT and broadcasts Ctrl+C to the target's entire console
process group (bpo-14484, open since 2012).
- `os.killpg` — doesn't exist on Windows at all (AttributeError).
- `os.setsid` / `os.getuid` / `os.geteuid` — same.
- `signal.SIGKILL` / `signal.SIGHUP` / `signal.SIGUSR1` — module-attr
errors at runtime on Windows.
- `open(path)` / `open(path, "r")` without explicit encoding= — inherits
the platform default, which is cp1252/mbcs on Windows (UTF-8 on POSIX),
causing mojibake round-tripping between hosts.
- `wmic` — removed from Windows 10 21H1+.
This commit does three things:
1. Makes `psutil` a core dependency and migrates critical callsites to it.
2. Adds a grep-based CI gate (`scripts/check-windows-footguns.py`) that
blocks new instances of any of the above patterns.
3. Fixes every existing instance in the codebase so the baseline is clean.
## What changed
### 1. psutil as a core dependency (pyproject.toml)
Added `psutil>=5.9.0,<8` to core deps. psutil is the canonical
cross-platform answer for "is this PID alive" and "kill this process
tree" — its `pid_exists()` uses `OpenProcess + GetExitCodeProcess` on
Windows (NOT a signal call), and its `Process.children(recursive=True)`
+ `.kill()` combo replaces `os.killpg()` portably.
### 2. `gateway/status.py::_pid_exists`
Rewrote to call `psutil.pid_exists()` first, falling back to the
hand-rolled ctypes `OpenProcess + WaitForSingleObject` dance on Windows
(and `os.kill(pid, 0)` on POSIX) only if psutil is somehow missing —
e.g. during the scaffold phase of a fresh install before pip finishes.
### 3. `os.killpg` migration to psutil (7 callsites, 5 files)
- `tools/code_execution_tool.py`
- `tools/process_registry.py`
- `tools/tts_tool.py`
- `tools/environments/local.py` (3 sites kept as-is, suppressed with
`# windows-footgun: ok` — the pgid semantics psutil can't replicate,
and the calls are already Windows-guarded at the outer branch)
- `gateway/platforms/whatsapp.py`
### 4. `scripts/check-windows-footguns.py` (NEW, 500 lines)
Grep-based checker with 11 rules covering every Windows cross-platform
footgun we've hit so far:
1. `os.kill(pid, 0)` — the silent killer
2. `os.setsid` without guard
3. `os.killpg` (recommends psutil)
4. `os.getuid` / `os.geteuid` / `os.getgid`
5. `os.fork`
6. `signal.SIGKILL`
7. `signal.SIGHUP/SIGUSR1/SIGUSR2/SIGALRM/SIGCHLD/SIGPIPE/SIGQUIT`
8. `subprocess` shebang script invocation
9. `wmic` without `shutil.which` guard
10. Hardcoded `~/Desktop` (OneDrive trap)
11. `asyncio.add_signal_handler` without try/except
12. `open()` without `encoding=` on text mode
Features:
- Triple-quoted-docstring aware (won't flag prose inside docstrings)
- Trailing-comment aware (won't flag mentions in `# os.kill(pid, 0)` comments)
- Guard-hint aware (skips lines with `hasattr(os, ...)`,
`shutil.which(...)`, `if platform.system() != 'Windows'`, etc.)
- Inline suppression with `# windows-footgun: ok — <reason>`
- `--list` to print all rules with fixes
- `--all` / `--diff <ref>` / staged-files (default) modes
- Scans 380 files in under 2 seconds
### 5. CI integration
A GitHub Actions workflow that runs the checker on every PR and push is
staged at `/tmp/hermes-stash/windows-footguns.yml` — not included in this
commit because the GH token on the push machine lacks `workflow` scope.
A maintainer with `workflow` permissions should add it as
`.github/workflows/windows-footguns.yml` in a follow-up. Content:
```yaml
name: Windows footgun check
on:
push:
branches: [main]
pull_request:
branches: [main]
jobs:
check:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with: {python-version: "3.11"}
- run: python scripts/check-windows-footguns.py --all
```
### 6. CONTRIBUTING.md — "Cross-Platform Compatibility" expansion
Expanded from 5 to 16 rules, each with message, example, and fix.
Recommends psutil as the preferred API for PID / process-tree operations.
### 7. Baseline cleanup (91 → 0 findings)
- 14 `open()` sites → added `encoding='utf-8'` (internal logs/caches) or
`encoding='utf-8-sig'` (user-editable files that Notepad may BOM)
- 23 POSIX-only callsites in systemd helpers, pty_bridge, and plugin
tool subprocess management → annotated with
`# windows-footgun: ok — <reason>`
- 7 `os.killpg` sites → migrated to psutil (see §3 above)
## Verification
```
$ python scripts/check-windows-footguns.py --all
✓ No Windows footguns found (380 file(s) scanned).
$ python -c "from gateway.status import _pid_exists; import os
> print('self:', _pid_exists(os.getpid())); print('bogus:', _pid_exists(999999))"
self: True
bogus: False
```
Proof-of-repro that `os.kill(pid, 0)` was actually killing processes
before this fix — see commit `1cbe39914` and bpo-14484. This commit
removes the last hand-rolled ctypes path from the hot liveness-check
path and defers to the best-maintained cross-platform answer.
On Windows, Python's ``os.kill(pid, 0)`` is NOT a no-op. CPython's
implementation (``Modules/posixmodule.c::os_kill_impl``) treats sig=0
as ``CTRL_C_EVENT`` because the two integer values collide at the C
layer, and routes it through ``GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(0, pid)`` —
which sends a Ctrl+C to the ENTIRE console process group containing
the target PID, not just the PID itself. Any caller that wanted to
check "is PID X alive" via the classic POSIX ``os.kill(pid, 0)``
idiom was silently killing that process (and often unrelated
processes in the same console group) on Windows. Long-standing
Python Windows quirk; see bpo-14484 (open since 2012).
This manifested in Hermes as: every ``hermes gateway status``
invocation would read the gateway's PID from the PID file, call
``os.kill(pid, 0)`` via ``gateway.status.get_running_pid()`` as a
"liveness check", and instantly terminate the gateway it was trying
to report on. No shutdown log, no traceback, no atexit hook fire,
no exit-diag entry — just silent termination of the detached pythonw
process. "Bot answered one message then stopped typing" was the
characteristic end-user symptom because `os.kill(pid, 0)` fires
mid-response-send and kills the gateway between logs.
Reproduction (verified in this branch before the fix):
$ hermes gateway start # gateway alive, PID 37520
$ hermes gateway status # reports "No gateway process detected"
$ tasklist /FI "PID eq 37520" # INFO: No tasks are running
# — gateway terminated silently
Root-cause fix is a new ``gateway.status._pid_exists(pid)`` helper:
- On Windows: Win32 ``OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION |
SYNCHRONIZE, False, pid)`` + ``WaitForSingleObject(handle, 0)``
via ctypes. Zero signal delivery, zero console-group side effects.
Pins ctypes return types to avoid DWORD-vs-signed-int parse bugs
on WAIT_TIMEOUT (0x102). Distinguishes ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
(PID gone) from ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED (alive but another user).
- On POSIX: the canonical ``os.kill(pid, 0)`` idiom that actually is
a no-op there.
Then patch every ``os.kill(pid, 0)`` liveness-check callsite to
route through ``_pid_exists`` instead. Total 14 callsites across
11 files; every single one was a latent silent-kill on Windows:
gateway/run.py:2810 — /restart watcher (inline subprocess)
gateway/run.py:15195 — --replace wait loop
gateway/status.py:572 — acquire_gateway_runtime_lock stale check
gateway/status.py:828 — get_running_pid (THE killer for status)
gateway/platforms/whatsapp.py:111
hermes_cli/gateway.py:228, 522, 1012 — gateway-related drain loops
hermes_cli/kanban_db.py:2826 — _pid_alive was claiming to
be cross-platform but used
os.kill(pid, 0) on Windows
hermes_cli/main.py:5792 — CLI process-kill polling
hermes_cli/profiles.py:782 — profile stop wait loop
plugins/google_meet/process_manager.py:74
tools/browser_tool.py:1215, 1255 — browser daemon ownership probes
tools/mcp_tool.py:1255, 3374 — MCP stdio orphan tracking
The watcher source in gateway/run.py:2810 is a multi-line string
that gets spawned as an inline ``python -c "..."`` subprocess, so
it can't import gateway.status. The fix for that callsite inlines
the same ctypes probe directly into the watcher source.
Tested on Windows 10 with the hermes gateway + Telegram bot:
- gateway start → alive
- 5 consecutive ``hermes gateway status`` invocations → gateway
alive after every one, same PID reported each time (37520, 21952)
- gateway.log shows uninterrupted operation; no spurious shutdown
entries; cron ticker and kanban dispatcher still running on
their 60-second cadence
- bot continues answering Telegram messages throughout
Ships alongside an exit-path diagnostic wrapper in
``hermes_cli/gateway.py::run_gateway()`` that captures every way
``asyncio.run(start_gateway(...))`` can return (success, SystemExit,
KeyboardInterrupt, BaseException, atexit) with full traceback to
``logs/gateway-exit-diag.log``. This was used to prove the gateway
was being hard-killed externally (no exit event fired) and should
be kept for future Windows debugging.
Refs: https://bugs.python.org/issue14484
See also: references/windows-subprocess-sigint-storm.md in
the hermes-agent skill.
Closes the last Python-on-Windows UTF-8 exposure by making every
text-mode open() call explicit about its encoding.
Before: on Windows, bare open(path, 'r') defaults to the system
locale encoding (cp1252 on US-locale installs). That means reading
any config/yaml/markdown/json file with non-ASCII content either
crashes with UnicodeDecodeError or silently mis-decodes bytes.
After: all 89 affected call sites in production code now pass
encoding='utf-8' explicitly. Works identically on every platform
and every locale, no surprise behavior.
Mechanical sweep via:
ruff check --preview --extend-select PLW1514 --unsafe-fixes --fix --exclude 'tests,venv,.venv,node_modules,website,optional-skills, skills,tinker-atropos,plugins' .
All 89 fixes have the same shape: open(x) or open(x, mode) became
open(x, encoding='utf-8') or open(x, mode, encoding='utf-8'). Nothing
else changed. Every modified file still parses and the Windows/sandbox
test suite is still green (85 passed, 14 skipped, 0 failed across
tests/tools/test_code_execution_windows_env.py +
tests/tools/test_code_execution_modes.py + tests/tools/test_env_passthrough.py +
tests/test_hermes_bootstrap.py).
Scope notes:
- tests/ excluded: test fixtures can use locale encoding intentionally
(exercising edge cases). If we want to tighten tests later that's
a separate PR.
- plugins/ excluded: plugin-specific conventions may differ; plugin
authors own their code.
- optional-skills/ and skills/ excluded: skill scripts are user-authored
and we don't want to mass-edit them.
- website/ and tinker-atropos/ excluded: vendored / generated content.
46 files touched, 89 +/- lines (symmetric replacement). No behavior
change on POSIX or on Windows when the file is ASCII; bug fix on
Windows when the file contains non-ASCII.
Second pass on native Windows support, driven by a systematic audit across
five areas: POSIX-only primitives (signal.SIGKILL/SIGHUP/SIGPIPE, os.WNOHANG,
os.setsid), path translation bugs (/c/Users → C:\Users), subprocess patterns
(npm.cmd batch shims, start_new_session no-op on Windows), subsystem health
(cron, gateway daemon, update flow), and module-level import guards.
Every change is platform-gated — POSIX (Linux/macOS) behaviour is preserved
bit-identical. Explicit "do no harm" test: test_posix_path_preserved_on_linux,
test_posix_noop, test_windows_detach_popen_kwargs_is_posix_equivalent_on_posix.
## New module
- hermes_cli/_subprocess_compat.py — shared helpers (resolve_node_command,
windows_detach_flags, windows_hide_flags, windows_detach_popen_kwargs).
All no-ops on non-Windows.
## CRITICAL fixes (would crash or silently break on Windows)
- tui_gateway/entry.py: SIGPIPE/SIGHUP referenced at module top level would
AttributeError on import on Windows, breaking `hermes --tui` entirely (it
spawns this module as a subprocess). Guard each signal.signal() call with
hasattr() and add SIGBREAK as Windows' SIGHUP equivalent.
- hermes_cli/kanban_db.py: os.waitpid(-1, os.WNOHANG) in dispatcher tick was
unguarded. os.WNOHANG doesn't exist on Windows. Gate the whole reap loop
behind `os.name != "nt"` — Windows has no zombies anyway.
- tools/code_execution_tool.py: AF_UNIX socket for execute_code RPC fails on
most Windows builds. Fall back to loopback TCP (AF_INET on 127.0.0.1:0
ephemeral port) when _IS_WINDOWS. HERMES_RPC_SOCKET env var now accepts
either a filesystem path (POSIX) or `tcp://127.0.0.1:<port>` (Windows).
Generated sandbox client parses both.
- cron/scheduler.py: `argv = ["/bin/bash", str(path)]` hardcoded. Use
shutil.which("bash") so Windows (Git Bash via MinGit) works, with a
readable error when bash is genuinely absent.
- 6 bare npm/npx spawn sites: tools_config.py x2, doctor.py, whatsapp.py
(npm install + node version probe), browser_tool.py x2. On Windows npm
is npm.cmd / npx is npx.cmd (batch shims); subprocess.Popen(["npm", ...])
fails with WinError 193. shutil.which(...) returns the absolute .cmd
path which CreateProcessW accepts because the extension routes through
cmd.exe /c. POSIX behaviour unchanged (shutil.which still returns the
same path subprocess would resolve itself).
## HIGH fixes (silent misbehaviour on Windows)
- tools/environments/local.py get_temp_dir: hardcoded /tmp returned on
Windows meant `_cwd_file = "/tmp/hermes-cwd-*.txt"`, which bash wrote
via MSYS2's virtual /tmp but native Python couldn't open. Result: cwd
tracking silently broken — `cd` in terminal tool did nothing. Windows
branch now returns `%HERMES_HOME%/cache/terminal` with forward slashes
(works in both bash and Python, guaranteed no spaces).
- tools/environments/local.py _make_run_env PATH injection: `/usr/bin not
in split(":")` heuristic mangles Windows PATH (";" separator). Gate
the injection behind `not _IS_WINDOWS`.
- hermes_cli/gateway.py launch_detached_profile_gateway_restart: outer
Popen + watcher-script Popen both used start_new_session=True, which
Windows silently ignores. Watcher stayed attached to CLI's console,
died when user closed terminal after `hermes update`, left gateway
stale. Now branches through windows_detach_popen_kwargs() helper
(CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP | DETACHED_PROCESS | CREATE_NO_WINDOW on
Windows, start_new_session=True on POSIX — identical to main).
## MEDIUM fixes
- gateway/run.py /restart and /update handlers: hardcoded bash/setsid
chain crashes on Windows when user triggers /update in-gateway. Now
has sys.platform=="win32" branch using sys.executable + a tiny
Python watcher with proper detach flags. POSIX path is unchanged.
- cli.py _git_repo_root: Git on Windows sometimes returns /c/Users/...
style paths that break subprocess.Popen(cwd=...) and Path().resolve().
Added _normalize_git_bash_path() helper that translates /c/Users,
/cygdrive/c, /mnt/c variants to native C:\Users form. POSIX no-op.
_git_repo_root() now routes every result through it.
- cli.py worktree .worktreeinclude: os.symlink on directories failed
hard on Windows (requires admin or Developer Mode). Falls back to
shutil.copytree with a warning log.
## Tests
- 29 new tests in tests/tools/test_windows_native_support.py covering:
subprocess_compat helpers, TUI entry signal guards, kanban waitpid
guard, code_execution TCP fallback source-level invariants, cron bash
resolution, npm/npx bare-spawn lint per-file, local env Windows temp
dir, PATH injection gating, git bash path normalization, symlink
fallback, gateway detached watcher flags.
- One existing test assertion adjusted in test_browser_homebrew_paths:
it compared captured Popen argv to the BARE `"npx"` literal; after the
shutil.which() change argv[0] is the absolute path. New assertion
checks the shape (two items, second is `agent-browser`) rather than
the exact first-item string. Behaviour unchanged; test was too strict.
All 56 tests pass on Linux (30 from previous commits + 26 new).
267 tests from the affected files/dirs (browser, code_exec, local_env,
process_registry, kanban_db, windows_compat) all pass — zero regressions.
tests/hermes_cli/ (3909 pass) and tests/gateway/ (5021 pass) unchanged;
all pre-existing test failures confirmed unrelated via `git stash` re-run.
## What's still deferred (LOW priority)
- Visible cmd-window flashes on short-lived console apps (~14 sites) —
cosmetic, needs a follow-up pass once we have user reports.
- agent/file_safety.py POSIX-only security deny patterns — separate
hardening task.
- tools/process_registry.py returning "/tmp" as fallback — theoretical;
reachable only when all env-var candidates fail.
- Add PID file mechanism to track bridge processes and kill stale ones on startup
- Improve _kill_port_process() with lsof fallback when fuser is not available
- Support explicit WhatsApp disable via config.yaml (whatsapp.enabled: false)
- Respect WHATSAPP_ENABLED=false env var to disable WhatsApp
Fixes#19124
Two mitigations for the CLOSE_WAIT accumulation reported against QQ Bot
+ Feishu on macOS behind Cloudflare Warp.
1. Shared httpx.Limits helper (gateway/platforms/_http_client_limits.py).
Every long-lived platform adapter now constructs httpx.AsyncClient
with max_keepalive_connections=10 and keepalive_expiry=2.0, vs httpx's
default of unbounded keepalive pool and 5.0s expiry. On macOS/Warp the
default 5s window let idle keepalive sockets sit in CLOSE_WAIT long
enough for seven persistent adapters (QQ Bot, WeCom, DingTalk, Signal,
BlueBubbles, WeCom-callback, plus the transient Feishu helper) to
compound to the 256-fd ulimit. Tunable via
HERMES_GATEWAY_HTTPX_KEEPALIVE_EXPIRY and
HERMES_GATEWAY_HTTPX_MAX_KEEPALIVE env vars.
2. whatsapp.send_typing aiohttp leak. The call was
'await self._http_session.post(...)' with no 'async with' and no
variable capture — the ClientResponse went out of scope unclosed,
holding its TCP socket in CLOSE_WAIT until GC. Fixed by wrapping in
'async with'. This was the only bare-await aiohttp leak in the
gateway/tools/plugins tree per audit; all other aiohttp sites use
the context-manager pattern correctly.
The underlying reporter also saw Feishu SDK (lark-oapi) connections in
CLOSE_WAIT — those are inside the SDK and out of our direct control, but
tightening httpx keepalive across adapters reduces the aggregate pool
pressure regardless of which individual adapter leaks.
* fix(gateway): config.yaml wins over .env for agent/display/timezone settings
Regression from the silent config→env bridge. The bridge at module import
time is correct for max_turns (unconditional overwrite), but every other
agent.*, display.*, timezone, and security bridge key was guarded by
'if X not in os.environ' — so a stale .env entry from an old 'hermes setup'
run would shadow the user's current config.yaml indefinitely.
Symptom: agent.max_turns: 500 in config.yaml, HERMES_MAX_ITERATIONS=60
in .env from an old setup, and the gateway silently capped at 60
iterations per turn. Gateway logs confirmed api_calls never exceeded 60.
Three changes:
1. gateway/run.py: drop the 'not in os.environ' guards for all agent.*,
display.*, timezone, and security.* bridge keys. config.yaml is now
authoritative for these settings — same semantics already in place
for max_turns, terminal.*, and auxiliary.*. Also surface the bridge
failure (previously 'except Exception: pass') to stderr so operators
see bridge errors instead of silently falling back to .env.
2. gateway/run.py: INFO-log the resolved max_iterations at gateway
start so operators can verify the config→env bridge did the right
thing instead of chasing a phantom budget ceiling.
3. hermes_cli/setup.py: stop writing HERMES_MAX_ITERATIONS to .env in
the setup wizard. config.yaml is the single source of truth. Also
clean up any stale .env entry left behind by pre-fix setups.
Regression tests in tests/gateway/test_config_env_bridge_authority.py
guard each config→env key against the 'stale .env shadows config' bug.
* fix(gateway): shutdown + restart hygiene (drain timeout, false-fatal, success log)
Three issues observed in production gateway.log during a rapid restart
chain on 2026-05-02, all fixed here.
1. _send_restart_notification logged unconditional success
adapter.send() catches provider errors (e.g. Telegram 'Chat not found')
and returns SendResult(success=False); it never raises. The caller
ignored the return value and always logged 'Sent restart notification
to <chat>' at INFO, producing a misleading success line directly
below the 'Failed to send Telegram message' traceback on every boot.
Now inspects result.success and logs WARNING with the error otherwise.
2. WhatsApp bridge SIGTERM on shutdown classified as fatal error
_check_managed_bridge_exit() saw the bridge's returncode -15 (our own
SIGTERM from disconnect()) and fired the full fatal-error path,
producing 'ERROR ... WhatsApp bridge process exited unexpectedly' plus
'Fatal whatsapp adapter error (whatsapp_bridge_exited)' on every
planned shutdown, immediately before the normal '✓ whatsapp
disconnected'. Adds a _shutting_down flag that disconnect() sets
before the terminate, and _check_managed_bridge_exit() returns None
for returncode in {0, -2, -15} while shutting down. OOM-kill (137)
and other non-signal exits still hit the fatal path.
3. restart_drain_timeout default 60s → 180s
On 2026-05-02 01:43:27 a user /restart fired while three agents were
mid-API-call (82s, 112s, 154s into their turns). The 60s drain budget
expired and all three were force-interrupted. 180s covers realistic
in-flight agent turns; users on very-long-reasoning models can still
raise it further via agent.restart_drain_timeout in config.yaml.
Existing explicit user values are preserved by deep-merge.
Tests
- tests/gateway/test_restart_notification.py: two new tests assert INFO
is only logged on SendResult(success=True) and WARNING with the error
string is logged on SendResult(success=False).
- tests/gateway/test_whatsapp_connect.py: parametrized test for
returncode in {0, -2, -15} proves shutdown-time exits are suppressed;
separate test proves returncode 137 (SIGKILL/OOM) still surfaces as
fatal even when _shutting_down is set.
- _check_managed_bridge_exit() reads _shutting_down via getattr-with-
default so existing _make_adapter() test helpers that bypass __init__
(pitfall #17 in AGENTS.md) keep working unmodified.
Full AST-based scan of all .py files to find every case where a module
or name is imported locally inside a function body but is already
available at module level. This is the second pass — the first commit
handled the known cases from the lint report; this one catches
everything else.
Files changed (19):
cli.py — 16 removals: time as _time/_t/_tmod (×10),
re / re as _re (×2), os as _os, sys,
partial os from combo import,
from model_tools import get_tool_definitions
gateway/run.py — 8 removals: MessageEvent as _ME /
MessageType as _MT (×3), os as _os2,
MessageEvent+MessageType (×2), Platform,
BasePlatformAdapter as _BaseAdapter
run_agent.py — 6 removals: get_hermes_home as _ghh,
partial (contextlib, os as _os),
cleanup_vm, cleanup_browser,
set_interrupt as _sif (×2),
partial get_toolset_for_tool
hermes_cli/main.py — 4 removals: get_hermes_home, time as _time,
logging as _log, shutil
hermes_cli/config.py — 1 removal: get_hermes_home as _ghome
hermes_cli/runtime_provider.py
— 1 removal: load_config as _load_bedrock_config
hermes_cli/setup.py — 2 removals: importlib.util (×2)
hermes_cli/nous_subscription.py
— 1 removal: from hermes_cli.config import load_config
hermes_cli/tools_config.py
— 1 removal: from hermes_cli.config import load_config, save_config
cron/scheduler.py — 3 removals: concurrent.futures, json as _json,
from hermes_cli.config import load_config
batch_runner.py — 1 removal: list_distributions as get_all_dists
(kept print_distribution_info, not at top level)
tools/send_message_tool.py
— 2 removals: import os (×2)
tools/skills_tool.py — 1 removal: logging as _logging
tools/browser_camofox.py
— 1 removal: from hermes_cli.config import load_config
tools/image_generation_tool.py
— 1 removal: import fal_client
environments/tool_context.py
— 1 removal: concurrent.futures
gateway/platforms/bluebubbles.py
— 1 removal: httpx as _httpx
gateway/platforms/whatsapp.py
— 1 removal: import asyncio
tui_gateway/server.py — 2 removals: from datetime import datetime,
import time
All alias references (_time, _t, _tmod, _re, _os, _os2, _json, _ghh,
_ghome, _sif, _ME, _MT, _BaseAdapter, _load_bedrock_config, _httpx,
_logging, _log, get_all_dists) updated to use the top-level names.
Add dm_policy and group_policy to the WhatsApp adapter, bringing parity
with WeCom/Weixin/QQ. Allows independent control of DM and group access:
disable DMs entirely, allowlist specific senders/groups, or keep open.
- dm_policy: open (default) | allowlist | disabled
- group_policy: open (default) | allowlist | disabled
- Config bridging for YAML → env vars
- 22 tests covering all policy combinations
Backward compatible — defaults preserve existing behavior.
Cherry-picked from PR #11597 by @MassiveMassimo.
Dropped the run.py group auth bypass (would have skipped user auth
for ALL platforms, not just WhatsApp).
WhatsApp already receives incoming voice messages (audio/ogg via the
bridge) but lacked a send_voice implementation, so TTS and audio
responses fell back to the base class send_image path instead of being
delivered as native audio messages.
Route send_voice through the existing _send_media_to_bridge helper
with media_type='audio', matching the pattern used by send_video and
send_document.
stream_consumer._send_or_edit unconditionally passes finalize= to
adapter.edit_message(), but only DingTalk's override accepted the
kwarg. Streaming on Telegram/Discord/Slack/Matrix/Mattermost/Feishu/
WhatsApp raised TypeError the first time a segment break or final
edit fired.
The REQUIRES_EDIT_FINALIZE capability flag only gates the redundant
final edit (and the identical-text short-circuit), not the kwarg
itself — so adapters that opt out of finalize still receive the
keyword argument and must accept it.
Add *, finalize: bool = False to the 7 non-DingTalk signatures; the
body ignores the arg since those platforms treat edits as stateless
(consistent with the base class contract in base.py).
Add a parametrized signature check over every concrete adapter class
so a future override cannot silently drop the kwarg — existing tests
use MagicMock which swallows any kwarg and cannot catch this.
Fixes#12579
Three changes that address the poor WhatsApp experience reported by users:
1. Reclassify WhatsApp from TIER_LOW to TIER_MEDIUM in display_config.py
— enables streaming and tool progress via the existing Baileys /edit
bridge endpoint. Users now see progressive responses instead of
minutes of silence followed by a wall of text.
2. Lower MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH from 65536 to 4096 and add proper chunking
— send() now calls format_message() and truncate_message() before
sending, then loops through chunks with a small delay between them.
The base class truncate_message() already handles code block boundary
detection (closes/reopens fences at chunk boundaries). reply_to is
only set on the first chunk.
3. Override format_message() with WhatsApp-specific markdown conversion
— converts **bold** to *bold*, ~~strike~~ to ~strike~, headers to
bold text, and [links](url) to text (url). Code blocks and inline
code are protected from conversion via placeholder substitution.
Together these fix the two user complaints:
- 'sends the whole code all the time' → now chunked at 4K with proper
formatting
- 'terminal gets interrupted and gets cooked' → streaming + tool progress
give visual feedback so users don't accidentally interrupt with
follow-up messages
Comprehensive cleanup across 80 files based on automated (ruff, pyflakes, vulture)
and manual analysis of the entire codebase.
Changes by category:
Unused imports removed (~95 across 55 files):
- Removed genuinely unused imports from all major subsystems
- agent/, hermes_cli/, tools/, gateway/, plugins/, cron/
- Includes imports in try/except blocks that were truly unused
(vs availability checks which were left alone)
Unused variables removed (~25):
- Removed dead variables: connected, inner, channels, last_exc,
source, new_server_names, verify, pconfig, default_terminal,
result, pending_handled, temperature, loop
- Dropped unused argparse subparser assignments in hermes_cli/main.py
(12 instances of add_parser() where result was never used)
Dead code removed:
- run_agent.py: Removed dead ternary (None if False else None) and
surrounding unreachable branch in identity fallback
- run_agent.py: Removed write-only attribute _last_reported_tool
- hermes_cli/providers.py: Removed dead @property decorator on
module-level function (decorator has no effect outside a class)
- gateway/run.py: Removed unused MCP config load before reconnect
- gateway/platforms/slack.py: Removed dead SessionSource construction
Undefined name bugs fixed (would cause NameError at runtime):
- batch_runner.py: Added missing logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
- tools/environments/daytona.py: Added missing Dict and Path imports
Unnecessary global statements removed (14):
- tools/terminal_tool.py: 5 functions declared global for dicts
they only mutated via .pop()/[key]=value (no rebinding)
- tools/browser_tool.py: cleanup thread loop only reads flag
- tools/rl_training_tool.py: 4 functions only do dict mutations
- tools/mcp_oauth.py: only reads the global
- hermes_time.py: only reads cached values
Inefficient patterns fixed:
- startswith/endswith tuple form: 15 instances of
x.startswith('a') or x.startswith('b') consolidated to
x.startswith(('a', 'b'))
- len(x)==0 / len(x)>0: 13 instances replaced with pythonic
truthiness checks (not x / bool(x))
- in dict.keys(): 5 instances simplified to in dict
- Redefined unused name: removed duplicate _strip_mdv2 import in
send_message_tool.py
Other fixes:
- hermes_cli/doctor.py: Replaced undefined logger.debug() with pass
- hermes_cli/config.py: Consolidated chained .endswith() calls
Test results: 3934 passed, 17 failed (all pre-existing on main),
19 skipped. Zero regressions.
Replace per-request aiohttp.ClientSession() in every WhatsApp adapter
method with a single persistent self._http_session, matching the pattern
used by Mattermost, HomeAssistant, and SMS adapters.
Changes:
- Create self._http_session in connect(), close in disconnect()
- All bridge HTTP calls (send, edit, send-media, typing, get_chat_info,
poll_messages) now use the shared session
- Explicitly cancel _poll_task on disconnect() instead of relying
solely on self._running = False
- Health-check sessions in connect() remain ephemeral (persistent
session not yet created at that point)
- Remove per-method ImportError guards for aiohttp (always available
when gateway runs via [messaging] extras)
Salvaged from PR #1851 by Himess. The _poll_task storage was already
on main from PR #3267; this adds the disconnect cancellation and the
persistent session.
Tests: 4 new tests for session close, already-closed skip, poll task
cancellation, and done-task skip.
New installs get a cleaner structure:
cache/images/ (was image_cache/)
cache/audio/ (was audio_cache/)
cache/documents/ (was document_cache/)
cache/screenshots/ (was browser_screenshots/)
platforms/whatsapp/session/ (was whatsapp/session/)
platforms/matrix/store/ (was matrix/store/)
platforms/pairing/ (was pairing/)
Existing installs are unaffected -- get_hermes_dir() checks for the
old path first and uses it if present. No migration needed.
Adds get_hermes_dir(new_subpath, old_name) helper to hermes_constants.py
for reuse by any future subsystem.
The base orchestrator passes metadata=_thread_metadata to
send_image_file, send_video, and send_document. WhatsApp was the
only platform adapter missing the parameter, causing TypeError
crashes when sending media.
Extended to all three methods (original PR only fixed send_image_file).
Salvaged from PR #3144.
Co-authored-by: afifai <afifai@users.noreply.github.com>
Python's asyncio event loop holds only weak references to tasks.
Without a strong reference, the garbage collector can destroy a task
while it's awaiting I/O — silently dropping messages. Python 3.12+
made this more aggressive.
Audit of all gateway platform adapters found 6 untracked create_task
calls across 6 files:
Per-message tasks (tracked via _background_tasks set from base class):
- gateway/platforms/webhook.py: handle_message task
- gateway/platforms/sms.py: handle_message task
- gateway/platforms/signal.py: SSE response aclose task
Long-running infrastructure tasks (stored in named instance vars):
- gateway/platforms/slack.py: Socket Mode handler (_socket_mode_task)
- gateway/platforms/discord.py: bot client (_bot_task)
- gateway/platforms/whatsapp.py: message poll loop (_poll_task, 2 sites)
All other adapters (telegram, mattermost, matrix, email, homeassistant,
dingtalk) already tracked their tasks correctly.
Salvaged from PR #3160 by memosr — expanded from 1 file to 6.
Add downloadMediaMessage() calls for documents, audio/voice notes, and
video in bridge.js — previously only images were downloaded, leaving all
other file types inaccessible to the agent.
Handle local file paths from the bridge for DOCUMENT, VOICE, and VIDEO
types in whatsapp.py with proper MIME detection. Inject text content
inline for readable files (.txt, .md, .csv, .json, etc.).
Follow-up fixes applied during salvage:
- Remove unused cache_document_from_bytes import
- Add 100KB size cap on text injection (matches Telegram/Discord/Slack)
- Align injection format with other platforms
Cherry-picked from PR #2818. Also fixes#2856 (bugs 1 & 2).
PR #2865 by ayberkesn fixed the same voice note issue.
Co-authored-by: noestelar <hola@noeali.com>
Salvaged from PR #2162 by @Zindar. Reply prefix changes excluded (already
on main via #1756 configurable prefix).
Bridge improvements (bridge.js):
- Download incoming images to ~/.hermes/image_cache/ via downloadMediaMessage
so the agent can actually see user-sent photos
- Add getMessage callback required for Baileys 7.x E2EE session
re-establishment (without it, some messages arrive as null)
- Build LID→phone reverse map for allowlist resolution (WhatsApp LID format)
- Add placeholder body for media without caption: [image received]
- Bind express to 127.0.0.1 instead of 0.0.0.0 for security
- Use 127.0.0.1 consistently throughout (more reliable than localhost)
Adapter improvements (whatsapp.py):
- Detect and reuse already-running bridge (only if status=connected)
- Handle local file paths from bridge-cached images in _build_message_event
- Don't kill external bridges on disconnect
- Use 127.0.0.1 throughout for consistency with bridge binding
Fix vs original PR: bridge reuse now checks status=connected, not just
HTTP 200. A disconnected bridge gets restarted instead of reused.
Co-authored-by: Zindar <zindar@users.noreply.github.com>
* feat: OpenAI-compatible API server platform adapter
Salvaged from PR #956, updated for current main.
Adds an HTTP API server as a gateway platform adapter that exposes
hermes-agent via the OpenAI Chat Completions and Responses APIs.
Any OpenAI-compatible frontend (Open WebUI, LobeChat, LibreChat,
AnythingLLM, NextChat, ChatBox, etc.) can connect by pointing at
http://localhost:8642/v1.
Endpoints:
- POST /v1/chat/completions — stateless Chat Completions API
- POST /v1/responses — stateful Responses API with chaining
- GET /v1/responses/{id} — retrieve stored response
- DELETE /v1/responses/{id} — delete stored response
- GET /v1/models — list hermes-agent as available model
- GET /health — health check
Features:
- Real SSE streaming via stream_delta_callback (uses main's streaming)
- In-memory LRU response store for Responses API conversation chaining
- Named conversations via 'conversation' parameter
- Bearer token auth (optional, via API_SERVER_KEY)
- CORS support for browser-based frontends
- System prompt layering (frontend system messages on top of core)
- Real token usage tracking in responses
Integration points:
- Platform.API_SERVER in gateway/config.py
- _create_adapter() branch in gateway/run.py
- API_SERVER_* env vars in hermes_cli/config.py
- Env var overrides in gateway/config.py _apply_env_overrides()
Changes vs original PR #956:
- Removed streaming infrastructure (already on main via stream_consumer.py)
- Removed Telegram reply_to_mode (separate feature, not included)
- Updated _resolve_model() -> _resolve_gateway_model()
- Updated stream_callback -> stream_delta_callback
- Updated connect()/disconnect() to use _mark_connected()/_mark_disconnected()
- Adapted to current Platform enum (includes MATTERMOST, MATRIX, DINGTALK)
Tests: 72 new tests, all passing
Docs: API server guide, Open WebUI integration guide, env var reference
* feat(whatsapp): make reply prefix configurable via config.yaml
Reworked from PR #1764 (ifrederico) to use config.yaml instead of .env.
The WhatsApp bridge prepends a header to every outgoing message.
This was hardcoded to '⚕ *Hermes Agent*'. Users can now customize
or disable it via config.yaml:
whatsapp:
reply_prefix: '' # disable header
reply_prefix: '🤖 *My Bot*\n───\n' # custom prefix
How it works:
- load_gateway_config() reads whatsapp.reply_prefix from config.yaml
and stores it in PlatformConfig.extra['reply_prefix']
- WhatsAppAdapter reads it from config.extra at init
- When spawning bridge.js, the adapter passes it as
WHATSAPP_REPLY_PREFIX in the subprocess environment
- bridge.js handles undefined (default), empty (no header),
or custom values with \\n escape support
- Self-chat echo suppression uses the configured prefix
Also fixes _config_version: was 9 but ENV_VARS_BY_VERSION had a
key 10 (TAVILY_API_KEY), so existing users at v9 would never be
prompted for Tavily. Bumped to 10 to close the gap. Added a
regression test to prevent this from happening again.
Credit: ifrederico (PR #1764) for the bridge.js implementation
and the config version gap discovery.
---------
Co-authored-by: Test <test@test.com>
Part 2 of thread_id forum topic fix: add metadata param to
send_voice, send_image, send_animation, send_typing in Telegram
adapter and pass message_thread_id to all Bot API calls. Update
send_typing signature in Discord, Slack, WhatsApp, HomeAssistant
for compatibility.
Based on the fix proposed by @Bitstreamono in PR #656.
time.sleep(1) inside async def connect() blocks the entire event
loop for 1 second. Replaced with await asyncio.sleep(1) to yield
control back to the event loop while waiting for the killed port
process to release.
Authored by Farukest. Fixes#432. Extracts _kill_port_process() helper
that uses netstat+taskkill on Windows and fuser on Linux. Previously,
fuser calls were inline with bare except-pass, so on Windows orphaned
bridge processes were never cleaned up — causing 'address already in use'
errors on reconnect. Includes 5 tests covering both platforms, port
matching edge cases, and exception suppression.
Authored by satelerd. Adds native WhatsApp media sending for images, videos,
and documents via MEDIA: tags. Also includes conflict resolution with edit_message
feature, Telegram hint fix (only advertise supported media types), and import cleanup.
fuser command does not exist on Windows, causing orphaned bridge processes
to never be cleaned up. On crash recovery, the port stays occupied and the
next connect() fails with address-already-in-use.
Add _kill_port_process() helper that uses netstat+taskkill on Windows and
fuser on Linux/macOS. Replace both call sites in connect() and disconnect().
Instead of sending a separate WhatsApp message for each tool call during
agent execution (N+1 messages), the first tool sends a new message and
subsequent tools edit it to append their line. Result: 1 growing progress
message + 1 final response = 2 messages instead of N+1.
Changes:
- bridge.js: Add POST /edit endpoint using Baileys message editing
- base.py: Add optional edit_message() to BasePlatformAdapter (no-op
default, so platforms without editing support work unchanged)
- whatsapp.py: Implement edit_message() calling bridge /edit
- run.py: Rewrite send_progress_messages() to accumulate tool lines and
edit the progress message. Falls back to sending a new message if
edit fails (graceful degradation).
Before (5 tools = 6 messages):
⚕ Hermes Agent ─── 🔍 web_search... "query"
⚕ Hermes Agent ─── 📄 web_extract... "url"
⚕ Hermes Agent ─── 💻 terminal... "pip install"
⚕ Hermes Agent ─── ✍️ write_file... "app.py"
⚕ Hermes Agent ─── 💻 terminal... "python app.py"
⚕ Hermes Agent ─── Done! The server is running...
After (5 tools = 2 messages):
⚕ Hermes Agent ───
🔍 web_search... "query"
📄 web_extract... "url"
💻 terminal... "pip install"
✍️ write_file... "app.py"
💻 terminal... "python app.py"
⚕ Hermes Agent ─── Done! The server is running...
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The gateway health check broke out of the polling loop as soon as
the bridge HTTP server returned 200, regardless of the actual
WhatsApp connection status. This meant 'Bridge ready (status:
disconnected)' was printed and the gateway moved on, even when
WhatsApp never connected.
Additionally, bridge stdout/stderr were piped to DEVNULL, so if the
session had expired and the bridge needed a QR re-scan, the user had
no way to see that. The 'Scan QR code if prompted (check bridge
output)' message was misleading since there was no output to check.
Changes:
- Health check now has two phases: wait for HTTP (15s), then wait
for status:connected (15s more). Total 30s budget.
- Bridge output routes to ~/.hermes/whatsapp/bridge.log instead of
DEVNULL — QR codes, errors, reconnection msgs are preserved.
- Clear warnings with actionable steps if connection fails after 30s
(check bridge.log, re-pair with hermes whatsapp).
- Removed misleading 'Scan QR code' message.
- Log file handle properly cleaned up on disconnect.
Fixes#365
Updated the README and messaging documentation to clarify the two modes for WhatsApp integration: 'bot' mode (recommended) and 'self-chat' mode. Improved setup instructions to guide users through the configuration process, including allowlist management and dependency installation. Adjusted CLI commands to reflect these changes and ensure a smoother user experience. Additionally, modified the WhatsApp bridge to support the new mode functionality.
Add a /send-media endpoint to the WhatsApp bridge and corresponding
adapter methods so the agent can send files as native WhatsApp
attachments instead of plain-text URLs/paths.
- bridge.js: new POST /send-media endpoint using Baileys' native
image/video/document/audio message types with MIME detection
- base.py: add send_video(), send_document(), send_image_file()
with text fallbacks; route MEDIA: tags by file extension instead
of always treating them as voice messages
- whatsapp.py: implement all media methods via a shared
_send_media_to_bridge() helper; override send_image() to download
URLs to local cache and send as native photos
- prompt_builder.py: update WhatsApp and Telegram platform hints so
the agent knows it can use MEDIA:/path tags to send native media
os.setsid, os.killpg, and os.getpgid do not exist on Windows and raise
AttributeError on import or first call. This breaks the terminal tool,
code execution sandbox, process registry, and WhatsApp bridge on Windows.
Added _IS_WINDOWS platform guard in all four affected files, following
the pattern documented in CONTRIBUTING.md. On Windows, preexec_fn is
set to None and process termination falls back to proc.terminate() /
proc.kill() instead of process group signals.
Files changed:
- tools/environments/local.py (3 call sites)
- tools/process_registry.py (2 call sites)
- tools/code_execution_tool.py (3 call sites)
- gateway/platforms/whatsapp.py (3 call sites)
- Introduced new methods in run_agent.py for building API keyword arguments and normalizing assistant messages from API responses.
- Added functionality for compressing conversation context and managing session state in SQLite.
- Improved tool call execution handling, including enhanced logging and error management.
- Updated path handling in multiple platform files to utilize pathlib for better compatibility and readability.
- Updated various modules including cli.py, run_agent.py, gateway, and tools to replace silent exception handling with structured logging.
- Improved error messages to provide more context, aiding in debugging and monitoring.
- Ensured consistent logging practices throughout the codebase, enhancing traceability and maintainability.
- Updated the vision tool to accept both HTTP/HTTPS URLs and local file paths for image analysis.
- Implemented caching of user-uploaded images in local directories to ensure reliable access for the vision tool, addressing issues with ephemeral URLs.
- Enhanced platform adapters (Discord, Telegram, WhatsApp) to download and cache images, allowing for immediate analysis and enriched message context.
- Added a new method to auto-analyze images attached by users, enriching the conversation with detailed descriptions.
- Improved documentation for image handling processes and updated related functions for clarity and efficiency.
- Updated CLI to load configuration from user-specific and project-specific YAML files, prioritizing user settings.
- Introduced a new command `/platforms` to display the status of connected messaging platforms (Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp).
- Implemented a gateway system for handling messaging interactions, including session management and delivery routing for cron job outputs.
- Added support for environment variable configuration and a dedicated gateway configuration file for advanced settings.
- Enhanced documentation in README.md and added a new messaging.md file to guide users on platform integrations and setup.
- Updated toolsets to include platform-specific capabilities for Telegram, Discord, and WhatsApp, ensuring secure and tailored interactions.
