diff --git a/agent/codex_responses_adapter.py b/agent/codex_responses_adapter.py
index f3f5ec3da97f..bce372ebb5da 100644
--- a/agent/codex_responses_adapter.py
+++ b/agent/codex_responses_adapter.py
@@ -1118,6 +1118,22 @@ def _normalize_codex_response(
     differs from the one that minted the encrypted_content blob and drop
     the item instead of triggering HTTP 400 invalid_encrypted_content.
     """
+    response_status = getattr(response, "status", None)
+    if isinstance(response_status, str):
+        response_status = response_status.strip().lower()
+    else:
+        response_status = None
+
+    incomplete_details = getattr(response, "incomplete_details", None)
+    incomplete_reason = ""
+    if isinstance(incomplete_details, dict):
+        incomplete_reason = str(incomplete_details.get("reason") or "").strip().lower()
+    elif incomplete_details is not None:
+        incomplete_reason = str(getattr(incomplete_details, "reason", "") or "").strip().lower()
+    response_incomplete_content_filter = (
+        response_status == "incomplete" and incomplete_reason == "content_filter"
+    )
+
     output = getattr(response, "output", None)
     if not isinstance(output, list) or not output:
         # The Codex backend can return empty output when the answer was
@@ -1134,15 +1150,18 @@ def _normalize_codex_response(
                 content=[SimpleNamespace(type="output_text", text=out_text.strip())],
             )]
             response.output = output
+        elif response_incomplete_content_filter:
+            # This is a deterministic provider safety block, not a partial
+            # answer. Synthesize an empty message so finish_reason below becomes
+            # content_filter and the conversation loop can fallback/surface it
+            # instead of burning three continuation attempts.
+            output = [SimpleNamespace(
+                type="message", role="assistant", status="completed", content=[]
+            )]
+            response.output = output
         else:
             raise RuntimeError("Responses API returned no output items")
 
-    response_status = getattr(response, "status", None)
-    if isinstance(response_status, str):
-        response_status = response_status.strip().lower()
-    else:
-        response_status = None
-
     if response_status in {"failed", "cancelled"}:
         error_obj = getattr(response, "error", None)
         error_msg = _format_responses_error(error_obj, response_status)
@@ -1411,6 +1430,8 @@ def _normalize_codex_response(
 
     if tool_calls:
         finish_reason = "tool_calls"
+    elif response_incomplete_content_filter:
+        finish_reason = "content_filter"
     elif leaked_tool_call_text:
         finish_reason = "incomplete"
     elif saw_streaming_or_item_incomplete:
diff --git a/agent/conversation_loop.py b/agent/conversation_loop.py
index a628093e1f7b..8986a2ecd64d 100644
--- a/agent/conversation_loop.py
+++ b/agent/conversation_loop.py
@@ -1642,12 +1642,16 @@ def run_conversation(
                 # Check finish_reason before proceeding
                 if agent.api_mode == "codex_responses":
                     status = getattr(response, "status", None)
+                    if isinstance(status, str):
+                        status = status.strip().lower()
                     incomplete_details = getattr(response, "incomplete_details", None)
                     incomplete_reason = None
                     if isinstance(incomplete_details, dict):
                         incomplete_reason = incomplete_details.get("reason")
                     else:
                         incomplete_reason = getattr(incomplete_details, "reason", None)
+                    if incomplete_reason is not None:
+                        incomplete_reason = str(incomplete_reason).strip().lower()
                     if status == "incomplete" and incomplete_reason in {"max_output_tokens", "length"}:
                         # Responses API max-output exhaustion is a normal
                         # Codex incomplete turn.  Let the Codex-specific
@@ -1657,6 +1661,8 @@ def run_conversation(
                         # emits "Response truncated due to output length
                         # limit" and stops gateway turns.
                         finish_reason = "incomplete"
+                    elif status == "incomplete" and incomplete_reason == "content_filter":
+                        finish_reason = "content_filter"
                     else:
                         finish_reason = "stop"
                 elif agent.api_mode == "anthropic_messages":
diff --git a/agent/transports/codex.py b/agent/transports/codex.py
index 56f259632223..ef7ffbaffd24 100644
--- a/agent/transports/codex.py
+++ b/agent/transports/codex.py
@@ -435,15 +435,27 @@ class ResponsesApiTransport(ProviderTransport):
     def validate_response(self, response: Any) -> bool:
         """Check Codex Responses API response has valid output structure.
 
-        Returns True only if response.output is a non-empty list.
-        Does NOT check output_text fallback — the caller handles that
-        with diagnostic logging for stream backfill recovery.
+        Returns True only if response.output is a non-empty list. Also treats
+        terminal content-filter incomplete responses as valid: the Responses API
+        may return status=incomplete with incomplete_details.reason='content_filter'
+        and no output items. That is a provider refusal signal, not a malformed
+        response, and must reach normalization so the agent loop can use the
+        content-policy / fallback path instead of invalid-response retries.
+
+        Does NOT check output_text fallback — the caller handles that with
+        diagnostic logging for stream backfill recovery.
         """
         if response is None:
             return False
         output = getattr(response, "output", None)
         if not isinstance(output, list) or not output:
-            return False
+            status = str(getattr(response, "status", "") or "").strip().lower()
+            incomplete_details = getattr(response, "incomplete_details", None)
+            if isinstance(incomplete_details, dict):
+                reason = str(incomplete_details.get("reason") or "").strip().lower()
+            else:
+                reason = str(getattr(incomplete_details, "reason", "") or "").strip().lower()
+            return status == "incomplete" and reason == "content_filter"
         return True
 
     def preflight_kwargs(
diff --git a/tests/agent/test_codex_responses_adapter.py b/tests/agent/test_codex_responses_adapter.py
index cbf2f0e58b61..eb690a9e3b82 100644
--- a/tests/agent/test_codex_responses_adapter.py
+++ b/tests/agent/test_codex_responses_adapter.py
@@ -79,6 +79,21 @@ def test_normalize_codex_response_treats_summary_only_reasoning_as_incomplete():
     assert assistant_message.codex_reasoning_items is None
 
 
+def test_normalize_codex_response_maps_incomplete_content_filter_to_refusal():
+    response = SimpleNamespace(
+        status="incomplete",
+        incomplete_details=SimpleNamespace(reason="content_filter"),
+        output=[],
+        output_text="",
+    )
+
+    assistant_message, finish_reason = _normalize_codex_response(response)
+
+    assert finish_reason == "content_filter"
+    assert assistant_message.content == ""
+    assert response.output
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Server-side built-in tool calls (xAI native web_search, code interpreter,
 # etc.) come back as discrete ``*_call`` output items that xAI's
diff --git a/tests/agent/transports/test_codex_transport.py b/tests/agent/transports/test_codex_transport.py
index 2b15fdf60961..761ca8c9c66c 100644
--- a/tests/agent/transports/test_codex_transport.py
+++ b/tests/agent/transports/test_codex_transport.py
@@ -673,6 +673,34 @@ class TestCodexValidateResponse:
         r = SimpleNamespace(output=None, output_text="Some text")
         assert transport.validate_response(r) is False
 
+    def test_empty_output_content_filter_incomplete_is_valid(self, transport):
+        r = SimpleNamespace(
+            status="incomplete",
+            incomplete_details=SimpleNamespace(reason="content_filter"),
+            output=[],
+            output_text="",
+        )
+        assert transport.validate_response(r) is True
+
+    def test_empty_output_content_filter_dict_incomplete_is_valid(self, transport):
+        r = SimpleNamespace(
+            status=" incomplete ",
+            incomplete_details={"reason": " content_filter "},
+            output=[],
+            output_text="",
+        )
+        assert transport.validate_response(r) is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("reason", ["max_output_tokens", "length", "", None])
+    def test_empty_output_other_incomplete_reasons_remain_invalid(self, transport, reason):
+        r = SimpleNamespace(
+            status="incomplete",
+            incomplete_details=SimpleNamespace(reason=reason),
+            output=[],
+            output_text="",
+        )
+        assert transport.validate_response(r) is False
+
 
 class TestCodexMapFinishReason:
 
diff --git a/tests/run_agent/test_run_agent.py b/tests/run_agent/test_run_agent.py
index 13187af94e79..2dc46c1d785b 100644
--- a/tests/run_agent/test_run_agent.py
+++ b/tests/run_agent/test_run_agent.py
@@ -4149,6 +4149,66 @@ class TestRunConversation:
         assert result["final_response"] == "Final answer"
         assert result["completed"] is True
 
+    def test_codex_content_filter_incomplete_routes_to_policy_fallback(self, agent):
+        self._setup_agent(agent)
+        agent.api_mode = "codex_responses"
+        agent.provider = "openai-codex"
+        agent.base_url = "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex"
+        agent._base_url_lower = agent.base_url.lower()
+        agent._base_url_hostname = "chatgpt.com"
+        agent.model = "gpt-5.5"
+        agent._fallback_chain = [
+            {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.7"},
+        ]
+        agent._fallback_index = 0
+
+        content_filter_response = SimpleNamespace(
+            status="incomplete",
+            incomplete_details=SimpleNamespace(reason="content_filter"),
+            output=[],
+            output_text="",
+            model="gpt-5.5",
+            usage=None,
+        )
+        fallback_response = SimpleNamespace(
+            status="completed",
+            incomplete_details=None,
+            output=[
+                SimpleNamespace(
+                    type="message",
+                    status="completed",
+                    content=[SimpleNamespace(type="output_text", text="Recovered on fallback")],
+                )
+            ],
+            model="fallback/model",
+            usage=None,
+        )
+        hook_events = []
+
+        def _fake_activate(reason=None):
+            agent._fallback_index = len(agent._fallback_chain)
+            return True
+
+        with (
+            patch.object(agent, "_create_request_openai_client", return_value=MagicMock()),
+            patch.object(agent, "_close_request_openai_client"),
+            patch.object(agent, "_run_codex_stream", side_effect=[content_filter_response, fallback_response]) as mock_run_codex_stream,
+            patch.object(agent, "_try_activate_fallback", side_effect=_fake_activate) as mock_try_activate_fallback,
+            patch.object(agent, "_invoke_api_request_error_hook", side_effect=lambda **kw: hook_events.append(kw)),
+            patch.object(agent, "_persist_session"),
+            patch.object(agent, "_save_trajectory"),
+            patch.object(agent, "_cleanup_task_resources"),
+        ):
+            result = agent.run_conversation("summarize this large Slack thread")
+
+        assert result["final_response"] == "Recovered on fallback"
+        assert result["completed"] is True
+        mock_try_activate_fallback.assert_called_once_with()
+        assert mock_run_codex_stream.call_count == 2
+        assert hook_events[0]["error_type"] == "ContentPolicyBlocked"
+        assert hook_events[0]["retryable"] is False
+        assert hook_events[0]["reason"] == FailoverReason.content_policy_blocked.value
+
     def test_ollama_small_runtime_context_fails_before_api_call(self, agent, caplog):
         self._setup_agent(agent)
         agent.model = "qwen3.5:9b"