diff --git a/agent/moa_loop.py b/agent/moa_loop.py
index c625220671dd..b987757776ee 100644
--- a/agent/moa_loop.py
+++ b/agent/moa_loop.py
@@ -880,6 +880,7 @@ def aggregate_moa_context(
     so the provider default applies — matching single-model agent behavior.
     Presets may still pin explicit values.
     """
+    reference_models = [slot for slot in reference_models if slot.get("enabled", True)]
     reference_outputs: list[tuple[str, str, Any]] = []
     ref_messages = _reference_messages(api_messages)
     reference_outputs = _run_references_parallel(
@@ -1267,7 +1268,10 @@ class MoAChatCompletions:
         privacy_mode = _moa_privacy_mode(_moa_raw)
         self._privacy_mode = privacy_mode
         messages = list(api_kwargs.get("messages") or [])
-        reference_models = preset.get("reference_models") or []
+        reference_models = [
+            slot for slot in (preset.get("reference_models") or [])
+            if slot.get("enabled", True)
+        ]
         aggregator = preset.get("aggregator") or {}
         # Expose the resolved aggregator slot so session cost accounting can
         # price the aggregator's acting turn at its REAL model/provider. The
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/model-settings.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/model-settings.tsx
index 52066eab35a3..85f85623f800 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/model-settings.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/model-settings.tsx
@@ -1078,6 +1078,21 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged }: ModelSettingsProps) {
           <div className="grid gap-1">
             {currentMoaPreset.reference_models.map((slot, index) => (
               <ListRow
+                action={
+                  <Switch
+                    aria-label={`${slot.enabled !== false ? 'Disable' : 'Enable'} reference ${index + 1}`}
+                    checked={slot.enabled !== false}
+                    disabled={applying}
+                    onCheckedChange={checked =>
+                      updateMoaPreset(prev => ({
+                        ...prev,
+                        reference_models: prev.reference_models.map((s, i) =>
+                          i === index ? { ...s, enabled: checked === true } : s
+                        )
+                      }))
+                    }
+                  />
+                }
                 below={
                   <div className="mt-2 flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 pt-1">
                     <Select
@@ -1146,6 +1161,7 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged }: ModelSettingsProps) {
                     </Button>
                   </div>
                 }
+                className={cn(slot.enabled === false && 'opacity-60')}
                 description={
                   <span className="font-mono text-[0.68rem]">
                     {slot.provider} · {slot.model || m.model}
@@ -1158,7 +1174,10 @@ export function ModelSettings({ onMainModelChanged }: ModelSettingsProps) {
             <Button
               disabled={applying}
               onClick={() =>
-                updateMoaPreset(prev => ({ ...prev, reference_models: [...prev.reference_models, prev.aggregator] }))
+                updateMoaPreset(prev => ({
+                  ...prev,
+                  reference_models: [...prev.reference_models, { ...prev.aggregator, enabled: true }]
+                }))
               }
               size="sm"
               variant="textStrong"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/primitives.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/primitives.tsx
index 2cc671f24ca2..bbe86a45f2aa 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/primitives.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/app/settings/primitives.tsx
@@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ export function ListRow({
   hint,
   action,
   below,
-  wide = false
+  wide = false,
+  className
 }: {
   title: ReactNode
   description?: ReactNode
@@ -119,12 +120,13 @@ export function ListRow({
   action?: ReactNode
   below?: ReactNode
   wide?: boolean
+  className?: string
 }) {
   return (
     // Container-queried, not viewport-queried: the label/control split keys on
     // the row's own pane width, so a narrow detail column (messaging, split
     // views) stacks instead of squishing the label against minmax(15rem,…).
-    <div className="@container">
+    <div className={cn('@container', className)}>
       <div
         className={cn(
           'grid gap-3 py-3',
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/types/hermes.ts b/apps/desktop/src/types/hermes.ts
index 0b93172c875b..1057d570de3b 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/types/hermes.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/types/hermes.ts
@@ -999,6 +999,7 @@ export interface MoaModelSlot {
   model: string
   /** Optional per-slot reasoning effort — round-tripped, not edited here. */
   reasoning_effort?: string
+  enabled?: boolean
 }
 
 export interface MoaConfigResponse {
diff --git a/hermes_cli/moa_cmd.py b/hermes_cli/moa_cmd.py
index 078b14af4cd0..8fcd8174e6d7 100644
--- a/hermes_cli/moa_cmd.py
+++ b/hermes_cli/moa_cmd.py
@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ def cmd_moa(args) -> None:
         idx = 0
         while True:
             base = existing[idx] if idx < len(existing) else None
-            refs.append(_pick_slot(base))
+            picked = _pick_slot(base)
+            picked["enabled"] = bool((base or {}).get("enabled", True))
+            refs.append(picked)
             idx += 1
             choice = _prompt_choice("Add another reference model?", ["Add another", "Done"], 1)
             if choice == 1:
diff --git a/hermes_cli/moa_config.py b/hermes_cli/moa_config.py
index cfa6826fe1bd..2c49b5508053 100644
--- a/hermes_cli/moa_config.py
+++ b/hermes_cli/moa_config.py
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ DEFAULT_MOA_AGGREGATOR: dict[str, str] = {
 }
 
 
+def _default_reference_models() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    return [{**slot, "enabled": True} for slot in deepcopy(DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS)]
+
+
 def _coerce_float_or_none(value: Any) -> float | None:
     """Coerce to a float, or None when unset/blank/invalid.
 
@@ -137,7 +141,22 @@ def _clean_reasoning_effort(value: Any) -> str | None:
     return parsed.get("effort")
 
 
-def _clean_slot(slot: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+def _coerce_bool(value: Any, default: bool = True) -> bool:
+    if value is None:
+        return default
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        text = value.strip().lower()
+        if text in {"0", "false", "no", "off"}:
+            return False
+        if text in {"1", "true", "yes", "on"}:
+            return True
+        return default
+    return bool(value)
+
+
+def _clean_slot(slot: Any, *, include_enabled: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     if not isinstance(slot, dict):
         return None
     provider = str(slot.get("provider") or "").strip()
@@ -163,6 +182,8 @@ def _clean_slot(slot: Any) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     slot_mt = _coerce_int_or_none(slot.get("max_tokens"))
     if slot_mt is not None:
         clean["max_tokens"] = slot_mt
+    if include_enabled:
+        clean["enabled"] = _coerce_bool(slot.get("enabled"), True)
     return clean
 
 
@@ -239,7 +260,7 @@ def validate_moa_payload(raw: Any) -> list[str]:
 
 def _default_preset() -> dict[str, Any]:
     return {
-        "reference_models": deepcopy(DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS),
+        "reference_models": _default_reference_models(),
         "aggregator": deepcopy(DEFAULT_MOA_AGGREGATOR),
         # None = temperature omitted from API calls (provider default),
         # matching single-model agent behavior.
@@ -268,15 +289,15 @@ def _normalize_preset(raw: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
         # defaults instead of crashing the iteration, mirroring the tolerance
         # for the scalar fields below (reference_temperature / max_tokens).
         raw_refs = [raw_refs] if isinstance(raw_refs, dict) else []
-    refs = [_clean_slot(item) for item in raw_refs]
+    refs = [_clean_slot(item, include_enabled=True) for item in raw_refs]
     refs = [item for item in refs if item is not None]
     if not refs:
-        refs = deepcopy(DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS)
+        refs = _default_reference_models()
 
     aggregator = _clean_slot(raw.get("aggregator")) or deepcopy(DEFAULT_MOA_AGGREGATOR)
 
     return {
-        "enabled": bool(raw.get("enabled", True)),
+        "enabled": _coerce_bool(raw.get("enabled"), True),
         "reference_models": refs,
         "aggregator": aggregator,
         "reference_temperature": _coerce_float_or_none(raw.get("reference_temperature")),
diff --git a/hermes_cli/web_server.py b/hermes_cli/web_server.py
index d34c6ca467c2..28c48c5cec34 100644
--- a/hermes_cli/web_server.py
+++ b/hermes_cli/web_server.py
@@ -1360,6 +1360,7 @@ class MoaModelSlot(BaseModel):
     # Optional per-slot reasoning effort. Declared so a client round-tripping
     # the GET payload doesn't have it stripped at parse time and wiped on save.
     reasoning_effort: Optional[str] = None
+    enabled: bool = True
 
 
 class MoaPresetPayload(BaseModel):
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_moa_command.py b/tests/cli/test_moa_command.py
index 7a60dd226bc4..4f3469bebd0c 100644
--- a/tests/cli/test_moa_command.py
+++ b/tests/cli/test_moa_command.py
@@ -79,7 +79,9 @@ def test_decode_legacy_encoded_moa_turn_still_works():
     encoded = build_moa_turn_prompt("hello", _make_cli().config["moa"], preset="review")
     prompt, cfg = decode_moa_turn(encoded)
     assert prompt == "hello"
-    assert cfg["reference_models"] == [{"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro"}]
+    assert cfg["reference_models"] == [
+        {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro", "enabled": True}
+    ]
 
 
 class TestNormalizeMoaModel:
@@ -129,3 +131,4 @@ class TestNormalizeMoaModel:
         requested_provider = override or "deepseek" or "auto"
         assert requested_provider == "moa"
         assert model == "strategy"
+
diff --git a/tests/hermes_cli/test_moa_config.py b/tests/hermes_cli/test_moa_config.py
index ee16f873050e..818051ace8fc 100644
--- a/tests/hermes_cli/test_moa_config.py
+++ b/tests/hermes_cli/test_moa_config.py
@@ -35,12 +35,16 @@ def test_moa_slot_picker_excludes_unconfigured_providers(monkeypatch):
     assert captured["include_unconfigured"] is False
 
 
+def _enabled_refs(refs):
+    return [{**slot, "enabled": True} for slot in refs]
+
+
 def test_normalize_moa_config_uses_default_named_preset():
     cfg = normalize_moa_config({})
 
     assert cfg["default_preset"] == DEFAULT_MOA_PRESET_NAME
     assert list(cfg["presets"]) == [DEFAULT_MOA_PRESET_NAME]
-    assert cfg["reference_models"] == DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS
+    assert cfg["reference_models"] == _enabled_refs(DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS)
     assert cfg["aggregator"] == DEFAULT_MOA_AGGREGATOR
 
 
@@ -63,7 +67,45 @@ def test_normalize_moa_config_preserves_named_presets():
 
     assert cfg["default_preset"] == "coding"
     assert set(cfg["presets"]) == {"coding", "review"}
-    assert cfg["reference_models"] == [{"provider": "openai-codex", "model": "gpt-5.5"}]
+    assert cfg["reference_models"] == [{"provider": "openai-codex", "model": "gpt-5.5", "enabled": True}]
+
+
+def test_normalize_moa_config_defaults_reference_enabled_true():
+    cfg = normalize_moa_config(
+        {
+            "presets": {
+                "review": {
+                    "reference_models": [{"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro"}],
+                    "aggregator": {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4.8"},
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert cfg["presets"]["review"]["reference_models"] == [
+        {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro", "enabled": True}
+    ]
+
+
+def test_normalize_moa_config_preserves_disabled_reference():
+    cfg = normalize_moa_config(
+        {
+            "presets": {
+                "review": {
+                    "reference_models": [
+                        {"provider": "openai-codex", "model": "gpt-5.5", "enabled": False},
+                        {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro", "enabled": "false"},
+                    ],
+                    "aggregator": {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4.8"},
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    )
+
+    assert cfg["presets"]["review"]["reference_models"] == [
+        {"provider": "openai-codex", "model": "gpt-5.5", "enabled": False},
+        {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro", "enabled": False},
+    ]
 
 
 def test_legacy_flat_config_becomes_default_preset():
@@ -75,7 +117,7 @@ def test_legacy_flat_config_becomes_default_preset():
     )
 
     assert cfg["presets"][DEFAULT_MOA_PRESET_NAME]["reference_models"] == [
-        {"provider": "openai-codex", "model": "gpt-5.5"}
+        {"provider": "openai-codex", "model": "gpt-5.5", "enabled": True}
     ]
 
 
@@ -110,7 +152,7 @@ def test_normalize_moa_config_tolerates_non_list_reference_models():
     cfg = normalize_moa_config(
         {"presets": {"broken": {"reference_models": 2}}}
     )
-    assert cfg["presets"]["broken"]["reference_models"] == DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS
+    assert cfg["presets"]["broken"]["reference_models"] == _enabled_refs(DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS)
 
 
 def test_normalize_moa_config_wraps_bare_dict_reference_models():
@@ -118,7 +160,7 @@ def test_normalize_moa_config_wraps_bare_dict_reference_models():
     cfg = normalize_moa_config(
         {"presets": {"p": {"reference_models": {"provider": "openai", "model": "gpt-4o"}}}}
     )
-    assert cfg["presets"]["p"]["reference_models"] == [{"provider": "openai", "model": "gpt-4o"}]
+    assert cfg["presets"]["p"]["reference_models"] == [{"provider": "openai", "model": "gpt-4o", "enabled": True}]
 
 
 def test_normalize_moa_config_parses_json_string_reference_models():
@@ -250,7 +292,7 @@ def test_resolve_moa_preset_returns_requested_model_set():
     )
 
     assert resolve_moa_preset(cfg, "review")["reference_models"] == [
-        {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro"}
+        {"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro", "enabled": True}
     ]
 
 
@@ -300,7 +342,7 @@ def test_build_moa_turn_prompt_encodes_one_shot_default_preset():
     decoded_prompt, cfg = decode_moa_turn(prompt)
     assert decoded_prompt == "write a file then inspect it"
     assert cfg is not None
-    assert cfg["reference_models"] == DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS
+    assert cfg["reference_models"] == _enabled_refs(DEFAULT_MOA_REFERENCE_MODELS)
 
 
 def test_moa_provider_rejected_as_reference_slot():
@@ -322,7 +364,7 @@ def test_moa_provider_rejected_as_reference_slot():
 
     refs = cfg["presets"]["p"]["reference_models"]
     assert {"provider": "moa", "model": "default"} not in refs
-    assert refs == [{"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro"}]
+    assert refs == [{"provider": "openrouter", "model": "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro", "enabled": True}]
 
 
 def test_moa_provider_rejected_as_aggregator_slot():
diff --git a/tests/run_agent/test_moa_loop_mode.py b/tests/run_agent/test_moa_loop_mode.py
index 1ad39d315c06..ea1087197762 100644
--- a/tests/run_agent/test_moa_loop_mode.py
+++ b/tests/run_agent/test_moa_loop_mode.py
@@ -1006,6 +1006,51 @@ moa:
     assert agg_call["messages"][-1]["content"] == "question"
 
 
+def test_moa_disabled_reference_is_not_called(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    home = tmp_path / ".hermes"
+    home.mkdir()
+    (home / "config.yaml").write_text(
+        """
+moa:
+  default_preset: review
+  presets:
+    review:
+      reference_models:
+        - provider: openai-codex
+          model: gpt-5.5
+          enabled: false
+        - provider: openrouter
+          model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro
+          enabled: true
+      aggregator:
+        provider: openrouter
+        model: anthropic/claude-opus-4.8
+""".strip(),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_HOME", str(home))
+    calls = []
+
+    def fake_call_llm(**kwargs):
+        calls.append(kwargs)
+        if kwargs["task"] == "moa_reference":
+            return _response(f"reference from {kwargs['provider']}:{kwargs['model']}")
+        return _response("aggregator acted")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("agent.moa_loop.call_llm", fake_call_llm)
+
+    from agent.moa_loop import MoAChatCompletions
+
+    facade = MoAChatCompletions("review")
+    facade.create(messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "question"}], tools=[{"type": "function"}])
+
+    reference_calls = [c for c in calls if c["task"] == "moa_reference"]
+    assert [(c["provider"], c["model"]) for c in reference_calls] == [
+        ("openrouter", "deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro")
+    ]
+    assert calls[-1]["task"] == "moa_aggregator"
+
+
 def test_references_run_in_parallel(monkeypatch):
     """References fan out concurrently (delegate-batch semantics), not serially.
 
diff --git a/web/src/lib/api.ts b/web/src/lib/api.ts
index 7474a8322a54..89643a996ac7 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/api.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/api.ts
@@ -2333,6 +2333,7 @@ export interface MoaModelSlot {
   model: string;
   /** Optional per-slot reasoning effort — round-tripped, not edited here. */
   reasoning_effort?: string;
+  enabled?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface MoaConfigResponse {
diff --git a/web/src/pages/ModelsPage.tsx b/web/src/pages/ModelsPage.tsx
index e4fb338bc970..c27f045e0be8 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/ModelsPage.tsx
+++ b/web/src/pages/ModelsPage.tsx
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import { Spinner } from "@nous-research/ui/ui/components/spinner";
 import { Stats } from "@nous-research/ui/ui/components/stats";
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@nous-research/ui/ui/components/card";
 import { Badge } from "@nous-research/ui/ui/components/badge";
+import { Switch } from "@nous-research/ui/ui/components/switch";
 import { ConfirmDialog } from "@/components/ConfirmDialog";
 import { useModalBehavior } from "@/hooks/useModalBehavior";
 import { usePageHeader } from "@/contexts/usePageHeader";
@@ -855,13 +856,30 @@ function MoaModelsModal({
           <div className="space-y-2">
             <div className="text-display text-xs font-medium tracking-wider">Reference models</div>
             {preset.reference_models.map((slot, index) => (
-              <div key={`${selected}-${slot.provider}-${slot.model}-${index}`} className="flex items-center gap-2 border border-border/50 bg-muted/20 px-3 py-2">
+              <div
+                key={`${selected}-${slot.provider}-${slot.model}-${index}`}
+                className={cn(
+                  "flex items-center gap-2 border border-border/50 bg-muted/20 px-3 py-2",
+                  slot.enabled === false && "opacity-60"
+                )}
+              >
+                <Switch
+                  checked={slot.enabled !== false}
+                  onCheckedChange={(checked) =>
+                    updateSelectedPreset((prev) => ({
+                      ...prev,
+                      reference_models: prev.reference_models.map((s, i) =>
+                        i === index ? { ...s, enabled: checked === true } : s
+                      ),
+                    }))
+                  }
+                />
                 <div className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate font-mono text-xs text-text-secondary">{slotLabel(slot)}</div>
                 <Button size="sm" outlined onClick={() => setPicker({ kind: "reference", index })}>Change</Button>
                 <Button size="sm" ghost disabled={preset.reference_models.length <= 1} onClick={() => updateSelectedPreset((prev) => ({ ...prev, reference_models: prev.reference_models.filter((_, i) => i !== index) }))}>Remove</Button>
               </div>
             ))}
-            <Button size="sm" outlined onClick={() => updateSelectedPreset((prev) => ({ ...prev, reference_models: [...prev.reference_models, prev.aggregator] }))}>Add reference model</Button>
+            <Button size="sm" outlined onClick={() => updateSelectedPreset((prev) => ({ ...prev, reference_models: [...prev.reference_models, { ...prev.aggregator, enabled: true }] }))}>Add reference model</Button>
           </div>
 
           <div className="space-y-2">
@@ -895,7 +913,7 @@ function MoaModelsModal({
               if (picker.kind === "aggregator") return { ...prev, aggregator: { provider, model } };
               return {
                 ...prev,
-                reference_models: prev.reference_models.map((slot, i) => i === picker.index ? { provider, model } : slot),
+                reference_models: prev.reference_models.map((slot, i) => i === picker.index ? { ...slot, provider, model } : slot),
               };
             });
           }}