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refactor: reorganize skills into sub-categories
The skills directory was getting disorganized — mlops alone had 40 skills in a flat list, and 12 categories were singletons with just one skill each. Code change: - prompt_builder.py: Support sub-categories in skill scanner. skills/mlops/training/axolotl/SKILL.md now shows as category 'mlops/training' instead of just 'mlops'. Backwards-compatible with existing flat structure. Split mlops (40 skills) into 7 sub-categories: - mlops/training (12): accelerate, axolotl, flash-attention, grpo-rl-training, peft, pytorch-fsdp, pytorch-lightning, simpo, slime, torchtitan, trl-fine-tuning, unsloth - mlops/inference (8): gguf, guidance, instructor, llama-cpp, obliteratus, outlines, tensorrt-llm, vllm - mlops/models (6): audiocraft, clip, llava, segment-anything, stable-diffusion, whisper - mlops/vector-databases (4): chroma, faiss, pinecone, qdrant - mlops/evaluation (5): huggingface-tokenizers, lm-evaluation-harness, nemo-curator, saelens, weights-and-biases - mlops/cloud (2): lambda-labs, modal - mlops/research (1): dspy Merged singleton categories: - gifs → media (gif-search joins youtube-content) - music-creation → media (heartmula, songsee) - diagramming → creative (excalidraw joins ascii-art) - ocr-and-documents → productivity - domain → research (domain-intel) - feeds → research (blogwatcher) - market-data → research (polymarket) Fixed misplaced skills: - mlops/code-review → software-development (not ML-specific) - mlops/ml-paper-writing → research (academic writing) Added DESCRIPTION.md files for all new/updated categories.
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skills/mlops/models/llava/references/training.md
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skills/mlops/models/llava/references/training.md
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# LLaVA Training Guide
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Guide to training and fine-tuning LLaVA models.
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## Training stages
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### Stage 1: Feature alignment (Pretraining)
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**Purpose**: Align vision encoder with language model
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**Data**: 558K image-caption pairs (CC3M subset)
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```bash
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# Download pretrained projector or train from scratch
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bash scripts/v1_5/pretrain.sh
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```
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**Configuration:**
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- Base model: Vicuna-7B or LLaMA-2-7B
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- Vision encoder: CLIP ViT-L/14
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- Training time: ~20 hours on 8× A100
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### Stage 2: Visual instruction tuning
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**Purpose**: Teach model to follow visual instructions
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**Data**: 150K GPT-generated multimodal instruction data
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```bash
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# Fine-tune with instruction data
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bash scripts/v1_5/finetune.sh
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```
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**Configuration:**
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- Epochs: 1
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- Batch size: 128 (across 8 GPUs)
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- Learning rate: 2e-5
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- Training time: ~24 hours on 8× A100
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## Data format
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### Instruction data format
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```json
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[
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{
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"id": "001",
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"image": "path/to/image.jpg",
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"conversations": [
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{
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"from": "human",
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"value": "<image>\nWhat is in this image?"
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},
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{
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"from": "gpt",
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"value": "The image shows a dog playing in a park."
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},
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{
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"from": "human",
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"value": "What breed is the dog?"
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},
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{
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"from": "gpt",
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"value": "It appears to be a Golden Retriever."
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}
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]
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}
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]
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```
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## Fine-tuning on custom data
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### Prepare your data
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```python
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import json
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# Create instruction data
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data = []
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for image_path, qa_pairs in your_dataset:
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conversations = []
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for q, a in qa_pairs:
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conversations.append({"from": "human", "value": f"<image>\n{q}"})
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conversations.append({"from": "gpt", "value": a})
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data.append({
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"id": str(len(data)),
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"image": image_path,
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"conversations": conversations
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})
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# Save
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with open("custom_data.json", "w") as f:
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json.dump(data, f, indent=2)
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```
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### Fine-tune script
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# Set paths
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DATA_PATH="custom_data.json"
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IMAGE_FOLDER="path/to/images"
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MODEL_PATH="liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b"
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OUTPUT_DIR="./checkpoints/llava-custom"
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# Fine-tune
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deepspeed llava/train/train_mem.py \
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--deepspeed ./scripts/zero2.json \
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--model_name_or_path $MODEL_PATH \
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--version v1 \
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--data_path $DATA_PATH \
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--image_folder $IMAGE_FOLDER \
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--vision_tower openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \
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--mm_projector_type mlp2x_gelu \
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--mm_vision_select_layer -2 \
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--mm_use_im_start_end False \
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--mm_use_im_patch_token False \
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--image_aspect_ratio pad \
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--group_by_modality_length True \
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--bf16 True \
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--output_dir $OUTPUT_DIR \
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--num_train_epochs 1 \
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--per_device_train_batch_size 16 \
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--per_device_eval_batch_size 4 \
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--gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \
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--evaluation_strategy "no" \
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--save_strategy "steps" \
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--save_steps 50000 \
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--save_total_limit 1 \
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--learning_rate 2e-5 \
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--weight_decay 0. \
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--warmup_ratio 0.03 \
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--lr_scheduler_type "cosine" \
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--logging_steps 1 \
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--tf32 True \
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--model_max_length 2048 \
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--gradient_checkpointing True \
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--dataloader_num_workers 4 \
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--lazy_preprocess True \
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--report_to wandb
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```
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## LoRA fine-tuning (memory efficient)
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```python
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from peft import LoraConfig, get_peft_model
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# LoRA config
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lora_config = LoraConfig(
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r=8, # LoRA rank
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lora_alpha=16,
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target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj"],
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lora_dropout=0.05,
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bias="none",
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task_type="CAUSAL_LM"
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)
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# Apply LoRA
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model = get_peft_model(base_model, lora_config)
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# Train with much lower memory
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```
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## Hardware requirements
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### Full fine-tuning
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- **7B model**: 8× A100 (40GB)
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- **13B model**: 8× A100 (80GB)
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- **Training time**: 20-48 hours
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### LoRA fine-tuning
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- **7B model**: 1× A100 (40GB)
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- **13B model**: 2× A100 (40GB)
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- **Training time**: 10-24 hours
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## Best practices
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1. **Start with pretrained** - Don't train from scratch
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2. **Use LoRA for efficiency** - 10× less memory
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3. **Quality over quantity** - 1K high-quality > 10K low-quality
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4. **Multi-turn conversations** - More engaging than single Q&A
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5. **Diverse images** - Cover different scenarios
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6. **Clear instructions** - Specific questions get better answers
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7. **Monitor loss** - Should decrease smoothly
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8. **Save checkpoints** - Training can fail
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9. **Test regularly** - Validate on held-out set
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10. **Use DeepSpeed** - For multi-GPU training
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## Resources
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- **Training script**: https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/tree/main/scripts
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- **Data format**: https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/main/docs/Data.md
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- **Paper**: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.08485
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