fix(gateway): detect stale scoped locks via cmdline when start_time is absent on macOS

On macOS (and Windows), /proc is unavailable so _get_process_start_time()
always returns None. When a gateway creates a scoped lock record with
start_time=None and then exits, macOS can reuse that PID for an unrelated
process. On restart, acquire_scoped_lock() sees:

  1. os.kill(pid, 0) succeeds (PID is alive — but it's bluetoothuserd, not
     the gateway)
  2. existing.start_time is None and current_start is None, so the
     start_time comparison is inconclusive
  3. The lock is treated as active, blocking gateway startup with:
     "Telegram bot token already in use (PID 873). Stop the other gateway
     first."

Root cause: _read_process_cmdline() only reads /proc/<pid>/cmdline, which
doesn't exist on macOS. It always returns None, making
_looks_like_gateway_process() always return False, so the cmdline fallback
path in acquire_scoped_lock() was unreachable on macOS.

Fix (two parts):

1. _read_process_cmdline(): Add a ps(1) fallback for platforms without
   /proc. When /proc/<pid>/cmdline doesn't exist, we now run
   "ps -p <pid> -o command=" to retrieve the process command line. The
   /proc path is tried first (preserving Linux performance); ps is only
   invoked as a fallback.

2. acquire_scoped_lock(): When both the lock record's start_time and the
   live process's start_time are None (the macOS case), fall back to
   checking whether the live PID still looks like a Hermes gateway process
   via _looks_like_gateway_process(). If it doesn't, the lock is stale.

Closes #16376

gateway/status.py

@@ -124,16 +124,33 @@ def get_process_start_time(pid: int) -> Optional[int]:
 
 
 def _read_process_cmdline(pid: int) -> Optional[str]:
-    """Return the process command line as a space-separated string."""
+    """Return the process command line as a space-separated string.
+
+    On Linux, reads /proc/<pid>/cmdline directly.  On macOS and other
+    platforms without /proc, falls back to ``ps -p <pid> -o command=``.
+    """
     cmdline_path = Path(f"/proc/{pid}/cmdline")
     try:
         raw = cmdline_path.read_bytes()
     except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError, OSError):
-        return None
+        pass
+    else:
+        if raw:
+            return raw.replace(b"\x00", b" ").decode("utf-8", errors="ignore").strip()
 
-    if not raw:
+    try:
-        return None
+        result = subprocess.run(
-    return raw.replace(b"\x00", b" ").decode("utf-8", errors="ignore").strip()
+            ["ps", "-p", str(pid), "-o", "command="],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            timeout=5,
+        )
+        if result.returncode == 0 and result.stdout.strip():
+            return result.stdout.strip()
+    except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+        pass
+
+    return None
 
 
 def _looks_like_gateway_process(pid: int) -> bool:
@@ -594,6 +611,17 @@ def acquire_scoped_lock(scope: str, identity: str, metadata: Optional[dict[str,
                     and current_start != existing.get("start_time")
                 ):
                     stale = True
+                # When start_time comparison is unavailable (macOS / Windows
+                # have no /proc, so both sides are None), fall back to
+                # checking the live process command line.  If the PID was
+                # reused by an unrelated process the lock is stale.
+                if (
+                    not stale
+                    and existing.get("start_time") is None
+                    and current_start is None
+                    and not _looks_like_gateway_process(existing_pid)
+                ):
+                    stale = True
                 # Check if process is stopped (Ctrl+Z / SIGTSTP) — stopped
                 # processes still appear alive to _pid_exists but are not
                 # actually running. Treat them as stale so --replace works.

tests/gateway/test_status.py

@@ -444,6 +444,56 @@ class TestScopedLocks:
         assert acquired is False
         assert existing["pid"] == 99999
 
+    def test_acquire_scoped_lock_replaces_pid_reused_by_unrelated_process(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        """macOS regression: PID reused by an unrelated process with start_time=None.
+
+        On macOS /proc is unavailable, so both the lock record and the live
+        process report start_time=None.  The live PID is alive (os.kill
+        succeeds) but belongs to a completely different program.  The lock
+        must be treated as stale.
+        """
+        monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_LOCK_DIR", str(tmp_path / "locks"))
+        lock_path = tmp_path / "locks" / "telegram-bot-token-2bb80d537b1da3e3.lock"
+        lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        lock_path.write_text(json.dumps({
+            "pid": 873,
+            "start_time": None,
+            "kind": "hermes-gateway",
+            "argv": ["/Users/user/.hermes/hermes-agent/hermes_cli/main.py", "gateway", "run", "--replace"],
+        }))
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status.os, "kill", lambda pid, sig: None)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status, "_get_process_start_time", lambda pid: None)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status, "_looks_like_gateway_process", lambda pid: False)
+
+        acquired, existing = status.acquire_scoped_lock("telegram-bot-token", "secret", metadata={"platform": "telegram"})
+
+        assert acquired is True
+        payload = json.loads(lock_path.read_text())
+        assert payload["pid"] == os.getpid()
+        assert payload["metadata"]["platform"] == "telegram"
+
+    def test_acquire_scoped_lock_keeps_lock_when_pid_reused_by_gateway(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        """When start_time is None but the live PID still looks like a gateway, keep the lock."""
+        monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_LOCK_DIR", str(tmp_path / "locks"))
+        lock_path = tmp_path / "locks" / "telegram-bot-token-2bb80d537b1da3e3.lock"
+        lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        lock_path.write_text(json.dumps({
+            "pid": 99999,
+            "start_time": None,
+            "kind": "hermes-gateway",
+            "argv": ["/Users/user/.hermes/hermes-agent/hermes_cli/main.py", "gateway", "run", "--replace"],
+        }))
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status.os, "kill", lambda pid, sig: None)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status, "_get_process_start_time", lambda pid: None)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status, "_looks_like_gateway_process", lambda pid: True)
+
+        acquired, existing = status.acquire_scoped_lock("telegram-bot-token", "secret", metadata={"platform": "telegram"})
+
+        assert acquired is False
+        assert existing["pid"] == 99999
+
     def test_acquire_scoped_lock_replaces_stale_record(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
         monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_LOCK_DIR", str(tmp_path / "locks"))
         lock_path = tmp_path / "locks" / "telegram-bot-token-2bb80d537b1da3e3.lock"
@@ -811,3 +861,46 @@ class TestPlannedStopMarker:
         ok = status.write_planned_stop_marker(target_pid=12345)
 
         assert ok is False
+
+
+class TestReadProcessCmdlinePsFallback:
+    """Tests for _read_process_cmdline falling back to ps on non-Linux."""
+
+    def test_ps_fallback_when_proc_unavailable(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status.Path, "read_bytes", lambda self: (_ for _ in ()).throw(FileNotFoundError))
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            status.subprocess, "run",
+            lambda args, **kwargs: SimpleNamespace(returncode=0, stdout="/usr/libexec/bluetoothuserd\n"),
+        )
+        result = status._read_process_cmdline(873)
+        assert result == "/usr/libexec/bluetoothuserd"
+
+    def test_ps_fallback_returns_none_on_failure(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status.Path, "read_bytes", lambda self: (_ for _ in ()).throw(FileNotFoundError))
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            status.subprocess, "run",
+            lambda args, **kwargs: SimpleNamespace(returncode=1, stdout=""),
+        )
+        result = status._read_process_cmdline(99999)
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_proc_cmdline_takes_priority_over_ps(self, monkeypatch):
+        calls = []
+
+        def fake_read_bytes(self):
+            calls.append("proc")
+            return b"python\x00hermes_cli/main.py\x00gateway\x00"
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status.Path, "read_bytes", fake_read_bytes)
+        result = status._read_process_cmdline(12345)
+        assert "hermes_cli/main.py" in result
+        assert calls == ["proc"]
+
+    def test_ps_fallback_used_when_proc_returns_empty(self, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(status.Path, "read_bytes", lambda self: b"")
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            status.subprocess, "run",
+            lambda args, **kwargs: SimpleNamespace(returncode=0, stdout="python hermes_cli/main.py gateway run\n"),
+        )
+        result = status._read_process_cmdline(12345)
+        assert "hermes_cli/main.py" in result