diff --git a/agent/error_classifier.py b/agent/error_classifier.py
index 33c2f5458560..e629e7b7af9e 100644
--- a/agent/error_classifier.py
+++ b/agent/error_classifier.py
@@ -159,6 +159,14 @@ _RATE_LIMIT_PATTERNS = [
     "throttlingexception",
     "too many concurrent requests",
     "servicequotaexceededexception",
+    # Generic throttle prefix — Bedrock (and some proxies) surface throttling
+    # as "Throttling error: Too many tokens, please wait before trying
+    # again."  Without this entry the message falls through to the
+    # context-overflow list (which contains "too many tokens") and the retry
+    # loop compresses a healthy session instead of backing off.  Matched
+    # BEFORE _CONTEXT_OVERFLOW_PATTERNS in the message-only path, so the
+    # throttle wins.  (port of anomalyco/opencode#37848's exclusion guard)
+    "throttling",
 ]
 
 # Patterns that indicate provider-side overload, NOT a per-credential rate
@@ -212,6 +220,12 @@ _PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE_PATTERNS = [
     "request entity too large",
     "payload too large",
     "error code: 413",
+    # Anthropic's structured 413 error type.  Normally arrives with an HTTP
+    # 413 status (handled by the status path), but aggregators/proxies can
+    # re-wrap it into a plain message with no status attribute — route it to
+    # the same compression recovery.  (port of anomalyco/opencode#37848)
+    "request_too_large",
+    "request exceeds the maximum size",
 ]
 
 # Image-size patterns.  Matched against 400 bodies (not 413) because most
@@ -298,6 +312,10 @@ _CONTEXT_OVERFLOW_PATTERNS = [
     "max input token",
     "input token",
     "exceeds the maximum number of input tokens",
+    # Together/Fireworks-style: "Input length 131393 exceeds the maximum
+    # allowed input length of 131040 tokens."  No other pattern in this list
+    # matches that wording.  (port of anomalyco/opencode#37848)
+    "maximum allowed input length",
 ]
 
 # Model not found patterns
diff --git a/tests/agent/test_error_classifier.py b/tests/agent/test_error_classifier.py
index 8ef407f50fb2..363462ee1d2c 100644
--- a/tests/agent/test_error_classifier.py
+++ b/tests/agent/test_error_classifier.py
@@ -2170,3 +2170,75 @@ class Test408RequestTimeout:
         assert result.should_fallback is True
         assert result.should_compress is False
 
+
+# ── Test: throttle vs overflow disambiguation + new overflow shapes ─────
+# Port of anomalyco/opencode#37848 (expand context overflow patterns +
+# rate-limit exclusion guard).
+
+class TestThrottleVsOverflowDisambiguation:
+    """Throttle messages that mention tokens must NOT route to compression."""
+
+    def test_bedrock_throttling_too_many_tokens_is_rate_limit(self):
+        # AWS Bedrock (and some proxies) surface throttling as
+        # "Throttling error: Too many tokens, please wait before trying
+        # again." — the "too many tokens" fragment sits in
+        # _CONTEXT_OVERFLOW_PATTERNS, so before the "throttling" rate-limit
+        # pattern this compressed a healthy session on every throttle.
+        e = Exception(
+            "Throttling error: Too many tokens, please wait before trying again."
+        )
+        result = classify_api_error(e, provider="bedrock", model="claude")
+        assert result.reason == FailoverReason.rate_limit
+        assert result.should_compress is False
+
+    def test_plain_too_many_tokens_still_overflow(self):
+        # Without any throttle wording, "Too many tokens" remains a
+        # context-overflow signal (Z.AI / GLM family wording).
+        e = Exception("Too many tokens")
+        result = classify_api_error(e, provider="zai", model="glm-5")
+        assert result.reason == FailoverReason.context_overflow
+        assert result.should_compress is True
+
+
+class TestExpandedOverflowPatterns:
+    """New provider overflow wordings route into compression recovery."""
+
+    def test_maximum_allowed_input_length_is_overflow(self):
+        # Together/Fireworks-style wording — matched no pattern before.
+        e = Exception(
+            "Input length 131393 exceeds the maximum allowed input length "
+            "of 131040 tokens."
+        )
+        result = classify_api_error(e, provider="together", model="m")
+        assert result.reason == FailoverReason.context_overflow
+        assert result.should_compress is True
+
+    def test_request_too_large_message_only_is_payload_too_large(self):
+        # Anthropic's structured 413 type re-wrapped by a proxy with no
+        # status attribute — was falling through to `unknown`.
+        e = Exception(
+            '{"error":{"type":"request_too_large",'
+            '"message":"Request exceeds the maximum size"}}'
+        )
+        result = classify_api_error(e, provider="anthropic", model="m")
+        assert result.reason == FailoverReason.payload_too_large
+        assert result.should_compress is True
+
+    def test_longer_than_context_length_still_overflow(self):
+        # Regression guard for wordings that already matched.
+        e = Exception(
+            "The input (516368 tokens) is longer than the model's context "
+            "length (262144 tokens)."
+        )
+        result = classify_api_error(e, provider="openrouter", model="m")
+        assert result.reason == FailoverReason.context_overflow
+
+    def test_configured_context_size_still_overflow(self):
+        e = Exception(
+            "Prompt has 5,958,968 tokens, but the configured context size "
+            "is 256,000 tokens"
+        )
+        result = classify_api_error(e, provider="ollama", model="m")
+        assert result.reason == FailoverReason.context_overflow
+
+