diff --git a/agent/lsp/cli.py b/agent/lsp/cli.py
index 97a52c7c76c..c17ef682b33 100644
--- a/agent/lsp/cli.py
+++ b/agent/lsp/cli.py
@@ -140,6 +140,17 @@ def _cmd_status(emit_json: bool) -> int:
         disabled = info.get("disabled_servers") or []
         if disabled:
             out.append(f"  disabled in cfg: {', '.join(disabled)}")
+
+    # Surface backend-tool gaps that aren't visible in the registry table:
+    # some servers spawn fine but emit no diagnostics without a sidecar
+    # binary (bash-language-server -> shellcheck).
+    backend_warnings = _backend_warnings()
+    if backend_warnings:
+        out.append("")
+        out.append("Backend warnings")
+        out.append("================")
+        for line in backend_warnings:
+            out.append(f"  ! {line}")
     out.append("")
     out.append("Registered Servers")
     out.append("==================")
@@ -268,3 +279,30 @@ def _recipe_pkg_for(server_id: str) -> str:
         "typescript": "typescript-language-server",
     }
     return aliases.get(server_id, server_id)
+
+
+def _backend_warnings() -> list:
+    """Return human-readable notes about LSP backend tools that are missing
+    in a way that won't surface elsewhere.
+
+    Some language servers ship as thin wrappers around an external CLI for
+    actual diagnostics — they spawn cleanly but never emit any errors when
+    the sidecar binary isn't on PATH.  bash-language-server / shellcheck
+    is the load-bearing example.
+
+    Returned strings are short, actionable, and include the install
+    suggestion across common platforms.
+    """
+    import shutil as _shutil
+    from agent.lsp.install import hermes_lsp_bin_dir
+    notes: list = []
+    bash_installed = _shutil.which("bash-language-server") is not None or (
+        (hermes_lsp_bin_dir() / "bash-language-server").exists()
+    )
+    if bash_installed and _shutil.which("shellcheck") is None:
+        notes.append(
+            "bash-language-server is installed but shellcheck is missing — "
+            "diagnostics will be empty (apt: shellcheck, brew: shellcheck, "
+            "scoop: shellcheck)."
+        )
+    return notes
diff --git a/agent/lsp/install.py b/agent/lsp/install.py
index 5b5717dc014..0aaa22be744 100644
--- a/agent/lsp/install.py
+++ b/agent/lsp/install.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import threading
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, Optional
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("agent.lsp.install")
 
@@ -41,7 +41,13 @@ logger = logging.getLogger("agent.lsp.install")
 # tuple of strategy name + package name + executable name.  When the
 # install completes, we look for the executable in
 # ``<HERMES_HOME>/lsp/bin/`` first, then on PATH.
-INSTALL_RECIPES: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {
+#
+# Optional fields:
+#   - ``extra_pkgs``: list of sibling packages to install alongside
+#     ``pkg`` in the same node_modules tree.  Used when an LSP server
+#     has a runtime peer dependency that npm doesn't auto-pull (e.g.
+#     typescript-language-server needs ``typescript``).
+INSTALL_RECIPES: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
     # Python
     "pyright": {"strategy": "npm", "pkg": "pyright", "bin": "pyright-langserver"},
     # JS/TS family
@@ -49,6 +55,11 @@ INSTALL_RECIPES: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {
         "strategy": "npm",
         "pkg": "typescript-language-server",
         "bin": "typescript-language-server",
+        # typescript-language-server requires the `typescript` SDK
+        # (tsserver) to be importable from the same node_modules tree;
+        # otherwise initialize() fails with "Could not find a valid
+        # TypeScript installation".  Install them together.
+        "extra_pkgs": ["typescript"],
     },
     "@vue/language-server": {
         "strategy": "npm",
@@ -179,7 +190,11 @@ def _do_install(pkg: str) -> Optional[str]:
         return None
 
     if strategy == "npm":
-        return _install_npm(recipe.get("pkg", pkg), bin_name)
+        return _install_npm(
+            recipe.get("pkg", pkg),
+            bin_name,
+            extra_pkgs=recipe.get("extra_pkgs") or [],
+        )
     if strategy == "go":
         return _install_go(recipe.get("pkg", pkg), bin_name)
     if strategy == "pip":
@@ -189,22 +204,36 @@ def _do_install(pkg: str) -> Optional[str]:
     return None
 
 
-def _install_npm(pkg: str, bin_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+def _install_npm(
+    pkg: str,
+    bin_name: str,
+    extra_pkgs: Optional[list] = None,
+) -> Optional[str]:
     """Install an npm package into our staging dir.
 
     Uses ``npm install --prefix`` so the binaries land in
     ``<staging>/node_modules/.bin/<bin_name>`` and we symlink them up
     one level for direct PATH-style access.
+
+    ``extra_pkgs`` is a list of sibling packages to install in the
+    same ``node_modules`` tree.  Used for LSP servers with runtime
+    peer deps that npm doesn't auto-pull (typescript-language-server
+    needs ``typescript`` next to it; intelephense ships standalone).
     """
     npm = shutil.which("npm")
     if npm is None:
         logger.info("[install] cannot install %s: npm not on PATH", pkg)
         return None
     staging = hermes_lsp_bin_dir().parent  # <HERMES_HOME>/lsp/
+    install_targets = [pkg] + list(extra_pkgs or [])
     try:
-        logger.info("[install] npm install --prefix %s %s", staging, pkg)
+        logger.info(
+            "[install] npm install --prefix %s %s",
+            staging,
+            " ".join(install_targets),
+        )
         proc = subprocess.run(
-            [npm, "install", "--prefix", str(staging), "--silent", "--no-fund", "--no-audit", pkg],
+            [npm, "install", "--prefix", str(staging), "--silent", "--no-fund", "--no-audit", *install_targets],
             check=False,
             capture_output=True,
             text=True,
diff --git a/agent/lsp/servers.py b/agent/lsp/servers.py
index df919fba991..00ad4c40005 100644
--- a/agent/lsp/servers.py
+++ b/agent/lsp/servers.py
@@ -336,6 +336,9 @@ def _spawn_clangd(root: str, ctx: ServerContext) -> Optional[SpawnSpec]:
     )
 
 
+_BASH_SHELLCHECK_WARNED = False
+
+
 def _spawn_bash_ls(root: str, ctx: ServerContext) -> Optional[SpawnSpec]:
     bin_path = _resolve_override(ctx, "bash-language-server") or _which("bash-language-server")
     if bin_path is None:
@@ -343,6 +346,18 @@ def _spawn_bash_ls(root: str, ctx: ServerContext) -> Optional[SpawnSpec]:
         bin_path = try_install("bash-language-server", ctx.install_strategy)
         if bin_path is None:
             return None
+    # bash-language-server delegates diagnostics to ``shellcheck``.  Without
+    # it on PATH the server starts and accepts requests but never reports
+    # any problems — to the user it looks like a working integration that
+    # never finds bugs.  Warn once so the gap is visible.
+    global _BASH_SHELLCHECK_WARNED
+    if not _BASH_SHELLCHECK_WARNED and _which("shellcheck") is None:
+        _BASH_SHELLCHECK_WARNED = True
+        logger.warning(
+            "bash-language-server: shellcheck not found on PATH — "
+            "diagnostics will be empty until shellcheck is installed "
+            "(apt: shellcheck, brew: shellcheck, scoop: shellcheck)."
+        )
     return SpawnSpec(
         command=[bin_path, "start"],
         workspace_root=root,
diff --git a/tests/agent/lsp/test_install_and_lint_fixes.py b/tests/agent/lsp/test_install_and_lint_fixes.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9046d01295e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/agent/lsp/test_install_and_lint_fixes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+"""Tests for follow-up fixes to the LSP integration (PR after #24168).
+
+Covers:
+
+1. ``typescript-language-server`` install recipe pulls in ``typescript``
+   alongside the server, so the npm install command targets both.
+2. ``hermes lsp status`` surfaces a ``Backend warnings`` section when
+   bash-language-server is installed but ``shellcheck`` is missing.
+3. ``_check_lint`` returns ``skipped`` (not ``error``) when the linter
+   command exists on PATH but couldn't actually run — e.g. ``npx tsc``
+   without the typescript SDK installed.  This is what unblocks the
+   LSP semantic tier on TypeScript files when the user doesn't also
+   have a project-level ``tsc``.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+from contextlib import redirect_stdout
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from agent.lsp.install import INSTALL_RECIPES
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Fix 1: typescript install recipe carries the typescript SDK
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_typescript_recipe_includes_typescript_sdk():
+    recipe = INSTALL_RECIPES["typescript-language-server"]
+    extras = recipe.get("extra_pkgs") or []
+    assert "typescript" in extras, (
+        "typescript-language-server requires the `typescript` SDK as a "
+        "sibling install — without it `initialize` fails with "
+        "'Could not find a valid TypeScript installation'."
+    )
+
+
+def test_install_npm_passes_extras_to_npm_command(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """Verify the npm subprocess is invoked with both pkg AND extras."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+
+    captured = {}
+
+    def fake_run(cmd, **kwargs):
+        captured["cmd"] = cmd
+        # Pretend npm succeeded but binary doesn't exist — install code
+        # will return None, which is fine for this test.
+        return MagicMock(returncode=0, stderr="")
+
+    from agent.lsp import install as install_mod
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(install_mod.subprocess, "run", fake_run)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(install_mod.shutil, "which", lambda c: "/usr/bin/npm" if c == "npm" else None)
+
+    install_mod._install_npm("typescript-language-server", "typescript-language-server",
+                             extra_pkgs=["typescript"])
+
+    cmd = captured["cmd"]
+    assert "typescript-language-server" in cmd
+    assert "typescript" in cmd
+    # Both must come AFTER the npm flags, in install-target position
+    install_idx = cmd.index("install")
+    assert cmd.index("typescript-language-server") > install_idx
+    assert cmd.index("typescript") > install_idx
+
+
+def test_install_npm_works_without_extras(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """Backwards compat: pyright-style recipes (no extras) still install."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+
+    captured = {}
+
+    def fake_run(cmd, **kwargs):
+        captured["cmd"] = cmd
+        return MagicMock(returncode=0, stderr="")
+
+    from agent.lsp import install as install_mod
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(install_mod.subprocess, "run", fake_run)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(install_mod.shutil, "which", lambda c: "/usr/bin/npm" if c == "npm" else None)
+
+    install_mod._install_npm("pyright", "pyright-langserver")
+
+    cmd = captured["cmd"]
+    assert "pyright" in cmd
+    # Should not blow up when extra_pkgs is omitted/None
+    install_targets = [c for c in cmd if not c.startswith("-") and c not in (
+        "install", "--prefix", str(install_mod.hermes_lsp_bin_dir().parent),
+        "/usr/bin/npm",
+    )]
+    assert install_targets == ["pyright"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Fix 2: ``hermes lsp status`` surfaces shellcheck-missing for bash
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_backend_warnings_quiet_when_bash_not_installed(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """No bash → no warning."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+    from agent.lsp import cli as lsp_cli
+
+    with patch("shutil.which", return_value=None):
+        notes = lsp_cli._backend_warnings()
+    assert notes == []
+
+
+def test_backend_warnings_quiet_when_bash_and_shellcheck_both_present(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """Both installed → no warning."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+    from agent.lsp import cli as lsp_cli
+
+    def which(name):
+        return f"/usr/bin/{name}"  # both found
+
+    with patch("shutil.which", side_effect=which):
+        notes = lsp_cli._backend_warnings()
+    assert notes == []
+
+
+def test_backend_warnings_fires_when_bash_installed_but_shellcheck_missing(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """The exact scenario from the bug report."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+    from agent.lsp import cli as lsp_cli
+
+    def which(name):
+        if name == "bash-language-server":
+            return "/fake/bin/bash-language-server"
+        return None  # shellcheck missing
+
+    with patch("shutil.which", side_effect=which):
+        notes = lsp_cli._backend_warnings()
+    assert len(notes) == 1
+    assert "shellcheck" in notes[0].lower()
+    assert "bash-language-server" in notes[0].lower()
+
+
+def test_status_output_includes_backend_warnings_section(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """End-to-end: status command output includes the warning section."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("HERMES_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+
+    # Pretend bash-language-server is installed but shellcheck is missing
+    def which(name):
+        if name == "bash-language-server":
+            return "/fake/bin/bash-language-server"
+        return None
+
+    from agent.lsp import cli as lsp_cli
+
+    buf = io.StringIO()
+    with patch("shutil.which", side_effect=which), redirect_stdout(buf):
+        lsp_cli._cmd_status(emit_json=False)
+
+    output = buf.getvalue()
+    assert "Backend warnings" in output
+    assert "shellcheck" in output
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Fix 3: tier-1 lint treats unusable linters as ``skipped``, not ``error``
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_npx_tsc_missing_treated_as_skipped():
+    """The original bug: ``npx tsc`` errors when tsc isn't installed.
+
+    Without this fix, the lint result is ``error``, which means the LSP
+    semantic tier (gated on ``success or skipped``) is skipped — the user
+    gets a useless tooling-error message instead of real diagnostics.
+    """
+    from tools.file_operations import _looks_like_linter_unusable
+
+    npx_failure_output = (
+        "                                                                               \n"
+        "                This is not the tsc command you are looking for                \n"
+        "                                                                               \n"
+        "\n"
+        "To get access to the TypeScript compiler, tsc, from the command line either:\n"
+        "- Use npm install typescript to first add TypeScript to your project before using npx\n"
+    )
+
+    assert _looks_like_linter_unusable("npx", npx_failure_output) is True
+
+
+def test_real_lint_error_not_classified_as_unusable():
+    """A genuine TypeScript type error must NOT be misclassified."""
+    from tools.file_operations import _looks_like_linter_unusable
+
+    real_error = (
+        "bad.ts:5:1 - error TS2322: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.\n"
+        "5 const x: string = greet(42);\n"
+        "  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
+    )
+
+    assert _looks_like_linter_unusable("npx", real_error) is False
+
+
+def test_unknown_base_cmd_returns_false():
+    """Unfamiliar linters fall through and use the normal error path."""
+    from tools.file_operations import _looks_like_linter_unusable
+
+    assert _looks_like_linter_unusable("eslint", "any output") is False
+    assert _looks_like_linter_unusable("", "anything") is False
+
+
+def test_check_lint_returns_skipped_when_npx_tsc_unusable(tmp_path):
+    """Integration: _check_lint sees npx exit non-zero with the npx banner
+    and returns a ``skipped`` LintResult so LSP can still run."""
+    from tools.environments.local import LocalEnvironment
+    from tools.file_operations import ShellFileOperations
+
+    ts_file = tmp_path / "bad.ts"
+    ts_file.write_text("const x: string = 42;\n")
+
+    env = LocalEnvironment()
+    fops = ShellFileOperations(env)
+
+    # Patch _exec to simulate ``npx tsc`` failing because tsc is missing.
+    npx_banner = (
+        "                                                                               \n"
+        "                This is not the tsc command you are looking for                \n"
+    )
+
+    def fake_exec(cmd, **kwargs):
+        result = MagicMock()
+        result.exit_code = 1
+        result.stdout = npx_banner
+        return result
+
+    with patch.object(fops, "_exec", side_effect=fake_exec), \
+         patch.object(fops, "_has_command", return_value=True):
+        lint = fops._check_lint(str(ts_file))
+
+    assert lint.skipped is True, (
+        f"expected skipped (so LSP runs); got success={lint.success}, "
+        f"output={lint.output!r}"
+    )
+    assert "not usable" in (lint.message or "")
+
+
+def test_check_lint_returns_error_for_real_ts_type_errors(tmp_path):
+    """Sanity: real TypeScript errors still go through the error path."""
+    from tools.environments.local import LocalEnvironment
+    from tools.file_operations import ShellFileOperations
+
+    ts_file = tmp_path / "bad.ts"
+    ts_file.write_text("const x: string = 42;\n")
+
+    env = LocalEnvironment()
+    fops = ShellFileOperations(env)
+
+    real_tsc_error = (
+        "bad.ts:1:7 - error TS2322: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.\n"
+        "1 const x: string = 42;\n"
+        "        ~\n"
+        "Found 1 error.\n"
+    )
+
+    def fake_exec(cmd, **kwargs):
+        result = MagicMock()
+        result.exit_code = 1
+        result.stdout = real_tsc_error
+        return result
+
+    with patch.object(fops, "_exec", side_effect=fake_exec), \
+         patch.object(fops, "_has_command", return_value=True):
+        lint = fops._check_lint(str(ts_file))
+
+    assert lint.skipped is False
+    assert lint.success is False
+    assert "TS2322" in lint.output
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])
diff --git a/tools/file_operations.py b/tools/file_operations.py
index f8b194b215c..4b64421622f 100644
--- a/tools/file_operations.py
+++ b/tools/file_operations.py
@@ -327,6 +327,55 @@ LINTERS = {
 }
 
 
+# Patterns that indicate the linter base command exists on PATH but
+# couldn't actually run — e.g. ``npx tsc`` when tsc isn't installed in
+# node_modules, or rustfmt complaining there's no Cargo project.  When
+# any of these substrings appears in the linter output, ``_check_lint``
+# returns ``skipped`` instead of ``error`` so:
+#
+# 1. The write isn't flagged for a tooling problem the agent can't fix.
+# 2. The LSP semantic tier still runs (it gates on success/skipped).
+#
+# Patterns are matched case-insensitively against linter stdout.
+_LINTER_UNUSABLE_PATTERNS = {
+    'npx': (
+        # npx prints this banner when the package isn't installed locally
+        # AND it can't auto-install (no internet, registry off, etc.) or
+        # when the binary it tried to run is the wrong one.
+        'this is not the tsc command you are looking for',
+        # npx with --no-install resolution failures
+        'could not determine executable to run',
+        'not found in npm registry',
+    ),
+    'rustfmt': (
+        # rustfmt outside a Cargo project
+        'no input filename given',
+        'error: not a workspace',
+    ),
+    'go': (
+        # ``go vet`` on a file outside a module / GOPATH
+        'cannot find package',
+        'go: cannot find main module',
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def _looks_like_linter_unusable(base_cmd: str, output: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True iff ``output`` from ``base_cmd`` indicates the linter
+    itself couldn't run (a tooling gap), as opposed to a real lint error
+    in the file being checked.
+
+    ``base_cmd`` is the first word of the linter command line (``npx``,
+    ``rustfmt``, ``go``, ...).  ``output`` is the stdout/stderr captured
+    from running it.
+    """
+    patterns = _LINTER_UNUSABLE_PATTERNS.get(base_cmd)
+    if not patterns:
+        return False
+    lower = output.lower()
+    return any(p in lower for p in patterns)
+
+
 def _lint_json_inproc(content: str) -> tuple[bool, str]:
     """In-process JSON syntax check.  Returns (ok, error_message)."""
     import json as _json
@@ -1117,6 +1166,24 @@ class ShellFileOperations(FileOperations):
         cmd = linter_cmd.replace("{file}", self._escape_shell_arg(path))
         result = self._exec(cmd, timeout=30)
 
+        if result.exit_code != 0 and _looks_like_linter_unusable(base_cmd, result.stdout):
+            # The linter command exists on PATH but couldn't actually run
+            # (e.g. ``npx tsc`` when tsc isn't in node_modules; ``rustfmt
+            # --check`` without a Cargo project).  This is a tooling gap,
+            # not a real lint failure — surface it as ``skipped`` so the
+            # write doesn't get flagged AND so the LSP tier still runs.
+            from tools.ansi_strip import strip_ansi
+            cleaned = strip_ansi(result.stdout).strip()
+            # Collapse to a single line — the npx banner is multi-line ASCII.
+            first_line = next(
+                (ln.strip() for ln in cleaned.splitlines() if ln.strip()),
+                cleaned[:120],
+            )
+            return LintResult(
+                skipped=True,
+                message=f"{base_cmd} not usable: {first_line[:200]}",
+            )
+
         return LintResult(
             success=result.exit_code == 0,
             output=result.stdout.strip() if result.stdout.strip() else ""