perf(ssh,modal): bulk file sync via tar pipe and tar/base64 archive (#8014)

* perf(ssh,modal): bulk file sync via tar pipe and tar/base64 archive

SSH: symlink-staging + tar -ch piped over SSH in a single TCP stream.
Eliminates per-file scp round-trips. Handles timeout (kills both
processes), SSH Popen failure (kills tar), and tar create failure.

Modal: in-memory gzipped tar archive, base64-encoded, decoded+extracted
in one exec call. Checks exit code and raises on failure.

Both backends use shared helpers extracted into file_sync.py:
- quoted_mkdir_command() — mirrors existing quoted_rm_command()
- unique_parent_dirs() — deduplicates parent dirs from file pairs

Migrates _ensure_remote_dirs to use the new helpers.

28 new tests (21 SSH + 7 Modal), all passing.

Closes #7465
Closes #7467

* fix(modal): pipe stdin to avoid ARG_MAX, clean up review findings

- Modal bulk upload: stream base64 payload through proc.stdin in 1MB
  chunks instead of embedding in command string (Modal SDK enforces
  64KB ARG_MAX_BYTES — typical payloads are ~4.3MB)
- Modal single-file upload: same stdin fix, add exit code checking
- Remove what-narrating comments in ssh.py and modal.py (keep WHY
  comments: symlink staging rationale, SIGPIPE, deadlock avoidance)
- Remove unnecessary `sandbox = self._sandbox` alias in modal bulk
- Daytona: use shared helpers (unique_parent_dirs, quoted_mkdir_command)
  instead of inlined duplicates

---------

Co-authored-by: kshitijk4poor <82637225+kshitijk4poor@users.noreply.github.com>
This commit is contained in:
Siddharth Balyan 2026-04-11 17:48:05 -07:00 committed by GitHub
parent fd73937ec8
commit 27eeea0555
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6 changed files with 992 additions and 13 deletions

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"""Tests for Modal bulk upload via tar/base64 archive."""
import asyncio
import base64
import io
import tarfile
from pathlib import Path
from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
import pytest
from tools.environments import modal as modal_env
def _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Create a minimal mock ModalEnvironment for testing upload methods.
Returns a ModalEnvironment-like object with _sandbox and _worker mocked.
We don't call __init__ because it requires the Modal SDK.
"""
env = object.__new__(modal_env.ModalEnvironment)
env._sandbox = MagicMock()
env._worker = MagicMock()
env._persistent = False
env._task_id = "test"
env._sync_manager = None
return env
def _make_mock_stdin():
"""Create a mock stdin that captures written data."""
stdin = MagicMock()
written_chunks = []
def mock_write(data):
written_chunks.append(data)
stdin.write = mock_write
stdin.write_eof = MagicMock()
stdin.drain = MagicMock()
stdin.drain.aio = AsyncMock()
stdin._written_chunks = written_chunks
return stdin
def _wire_async_exec(env, exec_calls=None):
"""Wire mock sandbox.exec.aio and a real run_coroutine on the env.
Optionally captures exec call args into *exec_calls* list.
Returns (exec_calls, run_kwargs, stdin_mock).
"""
if exec_calls is None:
exec_calls = []
run_kwargs: dict = {}
stdin_mock = _make_mock_stdin()
async def mock_exec_fn(*args, **kwargs):
exec_calls.append(args)
proc = MagicMock()
proc.wait = MagicMock()
proc.wait.aio = AsyncMock(return_value=0)
proc.stdin = stdin_mock
proc.stderr = MagicMock()
proc.stderr.read = MagicMock()
proc.stderr.read.aio = AsyncMock(return_value="")
return proc
env._sandbox.exec = MagicMock()
env._sandbox.exec.aio = mock_exec_fn
def real_run_coroutine(coro, **kwargs):
run_kwargs.update(kwargs)
loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
try:
return loop.run_until_complete(coro)
finally:
loop.close()
env._worker.run_coroutine = real_run_coroutine
return exec_calls, run_kwargs, stdin_mock
class TestModalBulkUpload:
"""Test _modal_bulk_upload method."""
def test_empty_files_is_noop(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Empty file list should not call worker.run_coroutine."""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
env._modal_bulk_upload([])
env._worker.run_coroutine.assert_not_called()
def test_tar_archive_contains_all_files(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""The tar archive sent via stdin should contain all files."""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
src_a = tmp_path / "a.json"
src_b = tmp_path / "b.py"
src_a.write_text("cred_content")
src_b.write_text("skill_content")
files = [
(str(src_a), "/root/.hermes/credentials/a.json"),
(str(src_b), "/root/.hermes/skills/b.py"),
]
exec_calls, _, stdin_mock = _wire_async_exec(env)
env._modal_bulk_upload(files)
# Verify the command reads from stdin (no echo with embedded payload)
assert len(exec_calls) == 1
args = exec_calls[0]
assert args[0] == "bash"
assert args[1] == "-c"
cmd = args[2]
assert "mkdir -p" in cmd
assert "base64 -d" in cmd
assert "tar xzf" in cmd
assert "-C /" in cmd
# Reassemble the base64 payload from stdin chunks and verify tar contents
payload = "".join(stdin_mock._written_chunks)
tar_data = base64.b64decode(payload)
buf = io.BytesIO(tar_data)
with tarfile.open(fileobj=buf, mode="r:gz") as tar:
names = sorted(tar.getnames())
assert "root/.hermes/credentials/a.json" in names
assert "root/.hermes/skills/b.py" in names
# Verify content
a_content = tar.extractfile("root/.hermes/credentials/a.json").read()
assert a_content == b"cred_content"
b_content = tar.extractfile("root/.hermes/skills/b.py").read()
assert b_content == b"skill_content"
# Verify stdin was closed
stdin_mock.write_eof.assert_called_once()
def test_mkdir_includes_all_parents(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Remote parent directories should be pre-created in the command."""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
src = tmp_path / "f.txt"
src.write_text("data")
files = [
(str(src), "/root/.hermes/credentials/f.txt"),
(str(src), "/root/.hermes/skills/deep/nested/f.txt"),
]
exec_calls, _, _ = _wire_async_exec(env)
env._modal_bulk_upload(files)
cmd = exec_calls[0][2]
assert "/root/.hermes/credentials" in cmd
assert "/root/.hermes/skills/deep/nested" in cmd
def test_single_exec_call(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Bulk upload should use exactly one exec call regardless of file count."""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
files = []
for i in range(20):
src = tmp_path / f"file_{i}.txt"
src.write_text(f"content_{i}")
files.append((str(src), f"/root/.hermes/cache/file_{i}.txt"))
exec_calls, _, _ = _wire_async_exec(env)
env._modal_bulk_upload(files)
# Should be exactly 1 exec call, not 20
assert len(exec_calls) == 1
def test_bulk_upload_wired_in_filesyncmanager(self, monkeypatch):
"""Verify ModalEnvironment passes bulk_upload_fn to FileSyncManager."""
captured_kwargs = {}
def capture_fsm(**kwargs):
captured_kwargs.update(kwargs)
return type("M", (), {"sync": lambda self, **k: None})()
monkeypatch.setattr(modal_env, "FileSyncManager", capture_fsm)
# Create a minimal env without full __init__
env = object.__new__(modal_env.ModalEnvironment)
env._sandbox = MagicMock()
env._worker = MagicMock()
env._persistent = False
env._task_id = "test"
# Manually call the part of __init__ that wires FileSyncManager
from tools.environments.file_sync import iter_sync_files
env._sync_manager = modal_env.FileSyncManager(
get_files_fn=lambda: iter_sync_files("/root/.hermes"),
upload_fn=env._modal_upload,
delete_fn=env._modal_delete,
bulk_upload_fn=env._modal_bulk_upload,
)
assert "bulk_upload_fn" in captured_kwargs
assert captured_kwargs["bulk_upload_fn"] is not None
assert callable(captured_kwargs["bulk_upload_fn"])
def test_timeout_set_to_120(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Bulk upload uses a 120s timeout (not the per-file 15s)."""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
src = tmp_path / "f.txt"
src.write_text("data")
files = [(str(src), "/root/.hermes/f.txt")]
_, run_kwargs, _ = _wire_async_exec(env)
env._modal_bulk_upload(files)
assert run_kwargs.get("timeout") == 120
def test_nonzero_exit_raises(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Non-zero exit code from remote exec should raise RuntimeError."""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
src = tmp_path / "f.txt"
src.write_text("data")
files = [(str(src), "/root/.hermes/f.txt")]
stdin_mock = _make_mock_stdin()
async def mock_exec_fn(*args, **kwargs):
proc = MagicMock()
proc.wait = MagicMock()
proc.wait.aio = AsyncMock(return_value=1) # non-zero exit
proc.stdin = stdin_mock
proc.stderr = MagicMock()
proc.stderr.read = MagicMock()
proc.stderr.read.aio = AsyncMock(return_value="tar: error")
return proc
env._sandbox.exec = MagicMock()
env._sandbox.exec.aio = mock_exec_fn
def real_run_coroutine(coro, **kwargs):
loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
try:
return loop.run_until_complete(coro)
finally:
loop.close()
env._worker.run_coroutine = real_run_coroutine
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Modal bulk upload failed"):
env._modal_bulk_upload(files)
def test_payload_not_in_command_string(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""The base64 payload must NOT appear in the bash -c argument.
This is the core ARG_MAX fix: the payload goes through stdin,
not embedded in the command string.
"""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
src = tmp_path / "f.txt"
src.write_text("some data to upload")
files = [(str(src), "/root/.hermes/f.txt")]
exec_calls, _, stdin_mock = _wire_async_exec(env)
env._modal_bulk_upload(files)
# The command should NOT contain an echo with the payload
cmd = exec_calls[0][2]
assert "echo" not in cmd
# The payload should go through stdin
assert len(stdin_mock._written_chunks) > 0
def test_stdin_chunked_for_large_payloads(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Payloads larger than _STDIN_CHUNK_SIZE should be split into multiple writes."""
env = _make_mock_modal_env(monkeypatch, tmp_path)
# Use random bytes so gzip cannot compress them -- ensures the
# base64 payload exceeds one 1 MB chunk.
import os as _os
src = tmp_path / "large.bin"
src.write_bytes(_os.urandom(1024 * 1024 + 512 * 1024))
files = [(str(src), "/root/.hermes/large.bin")]
exec_calls, _, stdin_mock = _wire_async_exec(env)
env._modal_bulk_upload(files)
# Should have multiple stdin write chunks
assert len(stdin_mock._written_chunks) >= 2
# Reassembled payload should still decode to valid tar
payload = "".join(stdin_mock._written_chunks)
tar_data = base64.b64decode(payload)
buf = io.BytesIO(tar_data)
with tarfile.open(fileobj=buf, mode="r:gz") as tar:
names = tar.getnames()
assert "root/.hermes/large.bin" in names

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"""Tests for SSH bulk upload via tar pipe."""
import os
import subprocess
from pathlib import Path
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
import pytest
from tools.environments import ssh as ssh_env
from tools.environments.file_sync import quoted_mkdir_command, unique_parent_dirs
from tools.environments.ssh import SSHEnvironment
def _mock_proc(*, returncode=0, poll_return=0, communicate_return=(b"", b""),
stderr_read=b""):
"""Create a MagicMock mimicking subprocess.Popen for tar/ssh pipes."""
m = MagicMock()
m.stdout = MagicMock()
m.returncode = returncode
m.poll.return_value = poll_return
m.communicate.return_value = communicate_return
m.stderr = MagicMock()
m.stderr.read.return_value = stderr_read
return m
@pytest.fixture
def mock_env(monkeypatch):
"""Create an SSHEnvironment with mocked connection/sync."""
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.shutil, "which", lambda _name: "/usr/bin/ssh")
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_establish_connection", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_detect_remote_home", lambda self: "/home/testuser")
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_ensure_remote_dirs", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "init_session", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(
ssh_env, "FileSyncManager",
lambda **kw: type("M", (), {"sync": lambda self, **k: None})(),
)
return SSHEnvironment(host="example.com", user="testuser")
class TestSSHBulkUpload:
"""Unit tests for _ssh_bulk_upload — tar pipe mechanics."""
def test_empty_files_is_noop(self, mock_env):
"""Empty file list should not spawn any subprocesses."""
with patch.object(subprocess, "run") as mock_run, \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen") as mock_popen:
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload([])
mock_run.assert_not_called()
mock_popen.assert_not_called()
def test_mkdir_batched_into_single_call(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""All parent directories should be created in one SSH call."""
# Create test files
f1 = tmp_path / "a.txt"
f1.write_text("aaa")
f2 = tmp_path / "b.txt"
f2.write_text("bbb")
files = [
(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/a.txt"),
(str(f2), "/home/testuser/.hermes/credentials/b.txt"),
]
# Mock subprocess.run for mkdir and Popen for tar pipe
mock_run = MagicMock(return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0))
def make_proc(cmd, **kwargs):
m = MagicMock()
m.stdout = MagicMock()
m.returncode = 0
m.poll.return_value = 0
m.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
m.stderr = MagicMock()
m.stderr.read.return_value = b""
return m
with patch.object(subprocess, "run", mock_run), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=make_proc):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
# Exactly one subprocess.run call for mkdir
assert mock_run.call_count == 1
mkdir_cmd = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
# Should contain mkdir -p with both parent dirs
mkdir_str = " ".join(mkdir_cmd)
assert "mkdir -p" in mkdir_str
assert "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills" in mkdir_str
assert "/home/testuser/.hermes/credentials" in mkdir_str
def test_staging_symlinks_mirror_remote_layout(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""Symlinks in staging dir should mirror the remote path structure."""
f1 = tmp_path / "local_a.txt"
f1.write_text("content a")
files = [
(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/my_skill.md"),
]
staging_paths = []
def capture_tar_cmd(cmd, **kwargs):
if cmd[0] == "tar":
# Capture the staging dir from -C argument
c_idx = cmd.index("-C")
staging_dir = cmd[c_idx + 1]
# Check the symlink exists
expected = os.path.join(
staging_dir, "home/testuser/.hermes/skills/my_skill.md"
)
staging_paths.append(expected)
assert os.path.islink(expected), f"Expected symlink at {expected}"
assert os.readlink(expected) == os.path.abspath(str(f1))
mock = MagicMock()
mock.stdout = MagicMock()
mock.returncode = 0
mock.poll.return_value = 0
mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock.stderr = MagicMock()
mock.stderr.read.return_value = b""
return mock
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=capture_tar_cmd):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
assert len(staging_paths) == 1, "tar command should have been called"
def test_tar_pipe_commands(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""Verify tar and SSH commands are wired correctly."""
f1 = tmp_path / "x.txt"
f1.write_text("x")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/cache/x.txt")]
popen_cmds = []
def capture_popen(cmd, **kwargs):
popen_cmds.append(cmd)
mock = MagicMock()
mock.stdout = MagicMock()
mock.returncode = 0
mock.poll.return_value = 0
mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock.stderr = MagicMock()
mock.stderr.read.return_value = b""
return mock
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=capture_popen):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
assert len(popen_cmds) == 2, "Should spawn tar + ssh processes"
tar_cmd = popen_cmds[0]
ssh_cmd = popen_cmds[1]
# tar: create, dereference symlinks, to stdout
assert tar_cmd[0] == "tar"
assert "-chf" in tar_cmd
assert "-" in tar_cmd # stdout
assert "-C" in tar_cmd
# ssh: extract from stdin at /
ssh_str = " ".join(ssh_cmd)
assert "ssh" in ssh_str
assert "tar xf - -C /" in ssh_str
assert "testuser@example.com" in ssh_str
def test_mkdir_failure_raises(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""mkdir failure should raise RuntimeError before tar pipe."""
f1 = tmp_path / "y.txt"
f1.write_text("y")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/y.txt")]
failed_run = subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 1, stderr="Permission denied")
with patch.object(subprocess, "run", return_value=failed_run):
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="remote mkdir failed"):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
def test_tar_create_failure_raises(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""tar create failure should raise RuntimeError."""
f1 = tmp_path / "z.txt"
f1.write_text("z")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/z.txt")]
mock_tar = MagicMock()
mock_tar.stdout = MagicMock()
mock_tar.returncode = 1
mock_tar.poll.return_value = 1
mock_tar.communicate.return_value = (b"tar: error", b"")
mock_tar.stderr = MagicMock()
mock_tar.stderr.read.return_value = b"tar: error"
mock_ssh = MagicMock()
mock_ssh.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock_ssh.returncode = 0
def popen_side_effect(cmd, **kwargs):
if cmd[0] == "tar":
return mock_tar
return mock_ssh
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=popen_side_effect):
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="tar create failed"):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
def test_ssh_extract_failure_raises(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""SSH tar extract failure should raise RuntimeError."""
f1 = tmp_path / "w.txt"
f1.write_text("w")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/w.txt")]
mock_tar = MagicMock()
mock_tar.stdout = MagicMock()
mock_tar.returncode = 0
mock_tar.poll.return_value = 0
mock_tar.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock_tar.stderr = MagicMock()
mock_tar.stderr.read.return_value = b""
mock_ssh = MagicMock()
mock_ssh.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"Permission denied")
mock_ssh.returncode = 1
def popen_side_effect(cmd, **kwargs):
if cmd[0] == "tar":
return mock_tar
return mock_ssh
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=popen_side_effect):
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="tar extract over SSH failed"):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
def test_ssh_command_uses_control_socket(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""SSH command for tar extract should reuse ControlMaster socket."""
f1 = tmp_path / "c.txt"
f1.write_text("c")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/cache/c.txt")]
popen_cmds = []
def capture_popen(cmd, **kwargs):
popen_cmds.append(cmd)
mock = MagicMock()
mock.stdout = MagicMock()
mock.returncode = 0
mock.poll.return_value = 0
mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock.stderr = MagicMock()
mock.stderr.read.return_value = b""
return mock
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=capture_popen):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
# The SSH command (second Popen call) should include ControlPath
ssh_cmd = popen_cmds[1]
assert f"ControlPath={mock_env.control_socket}" in " ".join(ssh_cmd)
def test_custom_port_and_key_in_ssh_command(self, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
"""Bulk upload SSH command should include custom port and key."""
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.shutil, "which", lambda _name: "/usr/bin/ssh")
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_establish_connection", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_detect_remote_home", lambda self: "/home/u")
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_ensure_remote_dirs", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "init_session", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(
ssh_env, "FileSyncManager",
lambda **kw: type("M", (), {"sync": lambda self, **k: None})(),
)
env = SSHEnvironment(host="h", user="u", port=2222, key_path="/my/key")
f1 = tmp_path / "d.txt"
f1.write_text("d")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/u/.hermes/skills/d.txt")]
run_cmds = []
popen_cmds = []
def capture_run(cmd, **kwargs):
run_cmds.append(cmd)
return subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)
def capture_popen(cmd, **kwargs):
popen_cmds.append(cmd)
mock = MagicMock()
mock.stdout = MagicMock()
mock.returncode = 0
mock.poll.return_value = 0
mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock.stderr = MagicMock()
mock.stderr.read.return_value = b""
return mock
with patch.object(subprocess, "run", side_effect=capture_run), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=capture_popen):
env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
# Check mkdir SSH call includes port and key
assert len(run_cmds) == 1
mkdir_cmd = run_cmds[0]
assert "-p" in mkdir_cmd and "2222" in mkdir_cmd
assert "-i" in mkdir_cmd and "/my/key" in mkdir_cmd
# Check tar extract SSH call includes port and key
ssh_cmd = popen_cmds[1]
assert "-p" in ssh_cmd and "2222" in ssh_cmd
assert "-i" in ssh_cmd and "/my/key" in ssh_cmd
def test_parent_dirs_deduplicated(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""Multiple files in the same dir should produce one mkdir entry."""
f1 = tmp_path / "a.txt"
f1.write_text("a")
f2 = tmp_path / "b.txt"
f2.write_text("b")
f3 = tmp_path / "c.txt"
f3.write_text("c")
files = [
(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/a.txt"),
(str(f2), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/b.txt"),
(str(f3), "/home/testuser/.hermes/credentials/c.txt"),
]
run_cmds = []
def capture_run(cmd, **kwargs):
run_cmds.append(cmd)
return subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)
def make_mock_proc(cmd, **kwargs):
mock = MagicMock()
mock.stdout = MagicMock()
mock.returncode = 0
mock.poll.return_value = 0
mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock.stderr = MagicMock()
mock.stderr.read.return_value = b""
return mock
with patch.object(subprocess, "run", side_effect=capture_run), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=make_mock_proc):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
# Only one mkdir call
assert len(run_cmds) == 1
mkdir_str = " ".join(run_cmds[0])
# skills dir should appear exactly once despite two files
assert mkdir_str.count("/home/testuser/.hermes/skills") == 1
assert "/home/testuser/.hermes/credentials" in mkdir_str
def test_tar_stdout_closed_for_sigpipe(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""tar_proc.stdout must be closed so SIGPIPE propagates correctly."""
f1 = tmp_path / "s.txt"
f1.write_text("s")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/s.txt")]
mock_tar_stdout = MagicMock()
def make_proc(cmd, **kwargs):
mock = MagicMock()
if cmd[0] == "tar":
mock.stdout = mock_tar_stdout
else:
mock.stdout = MagicMock()
mock.returncode = 0
mock.poll.return_value = 0
mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
mock.stderr = MagicMock()
mock.stderr.read.return_value = b""
return mock
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=make_proc):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
mock_tar_stdout.close.assert_called_once()
def test_timeout_kills_both_processes(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""TimeoutExpired during communicate should kill both processes."""
f1 = tmp_path / "t.txt"
f1.write_text("t")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/t.txt")]
mock_tar = MagicMock()
mock_tar.stdout = MagicMock()
mock_tar.returncode = None
mock_tar.poll.return_value = None
mock_ssh = MagicMock()
mock_ssh.communicate.side_effect = subprocess.TimeoutExpired("ssh", 120)
mock_ssh.returncode = None
def make_proc(cmd, **kwargs):
if cmd[0] == "tar":
return mock_tar
return mock_ssh
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=make_proc):
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="SSH bulk upload timed out"):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
mock_tar.kill.assert_called_once()
mock_ssh.kill.assert_called_once()
class TestSSHBulkUploadWiring:
"""Verify bulk_upload_fn is wired into FileSyncManager."""
def test_filesyncmanager_receives_bulk_upload_fn(self, monkeypatch):
"""SSHEnvironment should pass _ssh_bulk_upload to FileSyncManager."""
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.shutil, "which", lambda _name: "/usr/bin/ssh")
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_establish_connection", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_detect_remote_home", lambda self: "/root")
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "_ensure_remote_dirs", lambda self: None)
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env.SSHEnvironment, "init_session", lambda self: None)
captured_kwargs = {}
class FakeSyncManager:
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
captured_kwargs.update(kwargs)
def sync(self, **kw):
pass
monkeypatch.setattr(ssh_env, "FileSyncManager", FakeSyncManager)
env = SSHEnvironment(host="h", user="u")
assert "bulk_upload_fn" in captured_kwargs
assert captured_kwargs["bulk_upload_fn"] is not None
# Should be the bound method
assert callable(captured_kwargs["bulk_upload_fn"])
class TestSharedHelpers:
"""Direct unit tests for file_sync.py helpers."""
def test_quoted_mkdir_command_basic(self):
result = quoted_mkdir_command(["/a", "/b/c"])
assert result == "mkdir -p /a /b/c"
def test_quoted_mkdir_command_quotes_special_chars(self):
result = quoted_mkdir_command(["/path/with spaces", "/path/'quotes'"])
assert "mkdir -p" in result
# shlex.quote wraps in single quotes
assert "'/path/with spaces'" in result
def test_quoted_mkdir_command_empty(self):
result = quoted_mkdir_command([])
assert result == "mkdir -p "
def test_unique_parent_dirs_deduplicates(self):
files = [
("/local/a.txt", "/remote/dir/a.txt"),
("/local/b.txt", "/remote/dir/b.txt"),
("/local/c.txt", "/remote/other/c.txt"),
]
result = unique_parent_dirs(files)
assert result == ["/remote/dir", "/remote/other"]
def test_unique_parent_dirs_sorted(self):
files = [
("/local/z.txt", "/z/file.txt"),
("/local/a.txt", "/a/file.txt"),
]
result = unique_parent_dirs(files)
assert result == ["/a", "/z"]
def test_unique_parent_dirs_empty(self):
assert unique_parent_dirs([]) == []
class TestSSHBulkUploadEdgeCases:
"""Edge cases for _ssh_bulk_upload."""
def test_ssh_popen_failure_kills_tar(self, mock_env, tmp_path):
"""If SSH Popen raises, tar process must be killed and cleaned up."""
f1 = tmp_path / "e.txt"
f1.write_text("e")
files = [(str(f1), "/home/testuser/.hermes/skills/e.txt")]
mock_tar = _mock_proc()
call_count = 0
def failing_ssh_popen(cmd, **kwargs):
nonlocal call_count
call_count += 1
if call_count == 1:
return mock_tar # tar Popen succeeds
raise OSError("SSH binary not found")
with patch.object(subprocess, "run",
return_value=subprocess.CompletedProcess([], 0)), \
patch.object(subprocess, "Popen", side_effect=failing_ssh_popen):
with pytest.raises(OSError, match="SSH binary not found"):
mock_env._ssh_bulk_upload(files)
mock_tar.kill.assert_called_once()
mock_tar.wait.assert_called_once()

View file

@ -15,7 +15,13 @@ from tools.environments.base import (
BaseEnvironment,
_ThreadedProcessHandle,
)
from tools.environments.file_sync import FileSyncManager, iter_sync_files, quoted_rm_command
from tools.environments.file_sync import (
FileSyncManager,
iter_sync_files,
quoted_mkdir_command,
quoted_rm_command,
unique_parent_dirs,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@ -150,11 +156,9 @@ class DaytonaEnvironment(BaseEnvironment):
if not files:
return
# Pre-create all unique parent directories in one shell call
parents = sorted({str(Path(remote).parent) for _, remote in files})
parents = unique_parent_dirs(files)
if parents:
mkdir_cmd = "mkdir -p " + " ".join(shlex.quote(p) for p in parents)
self._sandbox.process.exec(mkdir_cmd)
self._sandbox.process.exec(quoted_mkdir_command(parents))
uploads = [
FileUpload(source=host_path, destination=remote_path)

View file

@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import logging
import os
import shlex
import time
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Callable
from tools.environments.base import _file_mtime_key
@ -60,6 +61,16 @@ def quoted_rm_command(remote_paths: list[str]) -> str:
return "rm -f " + " ".join(shlex.quote(p) for p in remote_paths)
def quoted_mkdir_command(dirs: list[str]) -> str:
"""Build a shell ``mkdir -p`` command for a batch of directories."""
return "mkdir -p " + " ".join(shlex.quote(d) for d in dirs)
def unique_parent_dirs(files: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> list[str]:
"""Extract sorted unique parent directories from (host, remote) pairs."""
return sorted({str(Path(remote).parent) for _, remote in files})
class FileSyncManager:
"""Tracks local file changes and syncs to a remote environment.

View file

@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ wrapper, while preserving Hermes' persistent snapshot behavior across sessions.
"""
import asyncio
import base64
import io
import logging
import shlex
import tarfile
import threading
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Optional
@ -18,7 +21,13 @@ from tools.environments.base import (
_load_json_store,
_save_json_store,
)
from tools.environments.file_sync import FileSyncManager, iter_sync_files, quoted_rm_command
from tools.environments.file_sync import (
FileSyncManager,
iter_sync_files,
quoted_mkdir_command,
quoted_rm_command,
unique_parent_dirs,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@ -259,26 +268,84 @@ class ModalEnvironment(BaseEnvironment):
get_files_fn=lambda: iter_sync_files("/root/.hermes"),
upload_fn=self._modal_upload,
delete_fn=self._modal_delete,
bulk_upload_fn=self._modal_bulk_upload,
)
self._sync_manager.sync(force=True)
self.init_session()
def _modal_upload(self, host_path: str, remote_path: str) -> None:
"""Upload a single file via base64-over-exec."""
import base64
"""Upload a single file via base64 piped through stdin."""
content = Path(host_path).read_bytes()
b64 = base64.b64encode(content).decode("ascii")
container_dir = str(Path(remote_path).parent)
cmd = (
f"mkdir -p {shlex.quote(container_dir)} && "
f"echo {shlex.quote(b64)} | base64 -d > {shlex.quote(remote_path)}"
f"base64 -d > {shlex.quote(remote_path)}"
)
async def _write():
proc = await self._sandbox.exec.aio("bash", "-c", cmd)
offset = 0
chunk_size = self._STDIN_CHUNK_SIZE
while offset < len(b64):
proc.stdin.write(b64[offset:offset + chunk_size])
await proc.stdin.drain.aio()
offset += chunk_size
proc.stdin.write_eof()
await proc.stdin.drain.aio()
await proc.wait.aio()
self._worker.run_coroutine(_write(), timeout=15)
self._worker.run_coroutine(_write(), timeout=30)
# Modal SDK stdin buffer limit (legacy server path). The command-router
# path allows 16 MB, but we must stay under the smaller 2 MB cap for
# compatibility. Chunks are written below this threshold and flushed
# individually via drain().
_STDIN_CHUNK_SIZE = 1 * 1024 * 1024 # 1 MB — safe for both transport paths
def _modal_bulk_upload(self, files: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
"""Upload many files via tar archive piped through stdin.
Builds a gzipped tar archive in memory and streams it into a
``base64 -d | tar xzf -`` pipeline via the process's stdin,
avoiding the Modal SDK's 64 KB ``ARG_MAX_BYTES`` exec-arg limit.
"""
if not files:
return
buf = io.BytesIO()
with tarfile.open(fileobj=buf, mode="w:gz") as tar:
for host_path, remote_path in files:
tar.add(host_path, arcname=remote_path.lstrip("/"))
payload = base64.b64encode(buf.getvalue()).decode("ascii")
parents = unique_parent_dirs(files)
mkdir_part = quoted_mkdir_command(parents)
cmd = f"{mkdir_part} && base64 -d | tar xzf - -C /"
async def _bulk():
proc = await self._sandbox.exec.aio("bash", "-c", cmd)
# Stream payload through stdin in chunks to stay under the
# SDK's per-write buffer limit (2 MB legacy / 16 MB router).
offset = 0
chunk_size = self._STDIN_CHUNK_SIZE
while offset < len(payload):
proc.stdin.write(payload[offset:offset + chunk_size])
await proc.stdin.drain.aio()
offset += chunk_size
proc.stdin.write_eof()
await proc.stdin.drain.aio()
exit_code = await proc.wait.aio()
if exit_code != 0:
stderr_text = await proc.stderr.read.aio()
raise RuntimeError(
f"Modal bulk upload failed (exit {exit_code}): {stderr_text}"
)
self._worker.run_coroutine(_bulk(), timeout=120)
def _modal_delete(self, remote_paths: list[str]) -> None:
"""Batch-delete remote files via exec."""

View file

@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
"""SSH remote execution environment with ControlMaster connection persistence."""
import logging
import os
import shlex
import shutil
import subprocess
@ -8,7 +9,13 @@ import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
from tools.environments.base import BaseEnvironment, _popen_bash
from tools.environments.file_sync import FileSyncManager, iter_sync_files, quoted_rm_command
from tools.environments.file_sync import (
FileSyncManager,
iter_sync_files,
quoted_mkdir_command,
quoted_rm_command,
unique_parent_dirs,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@ -50,6 +57,7 @@ class SSHEnvironment(BaseEnvironment):
get_files_fn=lambda: iter_sync_files(f"{self._remote_home}/.hermes"),
upload_fn=self._scp_upload,
delete_fn=self._ssh_delete,
bulk_upload_fn=self._ssh_bulk_upload,
)
self._sync_manager.sync(force=True)
@ -107,9 +115,8 @@ class SSHEnvironment(BaseEnvironment):
"""Create base ~/.hermes directory tree on remote in one SSH call."""
base = f"{self._remote_home}/.hermes"
dirs = [base, f"{base}/skills", f"{base}/credentials", f"{base}/cache"]
mkdir_cmd = "mkdir -p " + " ".join(shlex.quote(d) for d in dirs)
cmd = self._build_ssh_command()
cmd.append(mkdir_cmd)
cmd.append(quoted_mkdir_command(dirs))
subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=10)
# _get_sync_files provided via iter_sync_files in FileSyncManager init
@ -131,6 +138,84 @@ class SSHEnvironment(BaseEnvironment):
if result.returncode != 0:
raise RuntimeError(f"scp failed: {result.stderr.strip()}")
def _ssh_bulk_upload(self, files: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
"""Upload many files in a single tar-over-SSH stream.
Pipes ``tar c`` on the local side through an SSH connection to
``tar x`` on the remote, transferring all files in one TCP stream
instead of spawning a subprocess per file. Directory creation is
batched into a single ``mkdir -p`` call beforehand.
Typical improvement: ~580 files goes from O(N) scp round-trips
to a single streaming transfer.
"""
if not files:
return
parents = unique_parent_dirs(files)
if parents:
cmd = self._build_ssh_command()
cmd.append(quoted_mkdir_command(parents))
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=30)
if result.returncode != 0:
raise RuntimeError(f"remote mkdir failed: {result.stderr.strip()}")
# Symlink staging avoids fragile GNU tar --transform rules.
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="hermes-ssh-bulk-") as staging:
for host_path, remote_path in files:
staged = os.path.join(staging, remote_path.lstrip("/"))
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(staged), exist_ok=True)
os.symlink(os.path.abspath(host_path), staged)
tar_cmd = ["tar", "-chf", "-", "-C", staging, "."]
ssh_cmd = self._build_ssh_command()
ssh_cmd.append("tar xf - -C /")
tar_proc = subprocess.Popen(
tar_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
)
try:
ssh_proc = subprocess.Popen(
ssh_cmd, stdin=tar_proc.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
)
except Exception:
tar_proc.kill()
tar_proc.wait()
raise
# Allow tar_proc to receive SIGPIPE if ssh_proc exits early
tar_proc.stdout.close()
try:
_, ssh_stderr = ssh_proc.communicate(timeout=120)
# Use communicate() instead of wait() to drain stderr and
# avoid deadlock if tar produces more than PIPE_BUF of errors.
tar_stderr_raw = b""
if tar_proc.poll() is None:
_, tar_stderr_raw = tar_proc.communicate(timeout=10)
else:
tar_stderr_raw = tar_proc.stderr.read() if tar_proc.stderr else b""
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
tar_proc.kill()
ssh_proc.kill()
tar_proc.wait()
ssh_proc.wait()
raise RuntimeError("SSH bulk upload timed out")
if tar_proc.returncode != 0:
raise RuntimeError(
f"tar create failed (rc={tar_proc.returncode}): "
f"{tar_stderr_raw.decode(errors='replace').strip()}"
)
if ssh_proc.returncode != 0:
raise RuntimeError(
f"tar extract over SSH failed (rc={ssh_proc.returncode}): "
f"{ssh_stderr.decode(errors='replace').strip()}"
)
logger.debug("SSH: bulk-uploaded %d file(s) via tar pipe", len(files))
def _ssh_delete(self, remote_paths: list[str]) -> None:
"""Batch-delete remote files in one SSH call."""
cmd = self._build_ssh_command()