diff --git a/tools/browser_providers/browser_use.py b/tools/browser_providers/browser_use.py
index 260249ef0bb..a1f4f425ba0 100644
--- a/tools/browser_providers/browser_use.py
+++ b/tools/browser_providers/browser_use.py
@@ -137,12 +137,22 @@ class BrowserUseProvider(CloudBrowserProvider):
             else {}
         )
 
-        response = requests.post(
-            f"{config['base_url']}/browsers",
-            headers=headers,
-            json=payload,
-            timeout=30,
-        )
+        try:
+            response = requests.post(
+                f"{config['base_url']}/browsers",
+                headers=headers,
+                json=payload,
+                timeout=30,
+            )
+        except requests.RequestException as exc:
+            # Managed mode: propagate raw so callers can retry with the
+            # preserved idempotency key. Direct mode: wrap network failures
+            # into a clean RuntimeError for end users.
+            if managed_mode:
+                raise
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Browser Use API connection failed: {exc}"
+            ) from exc
 
         if not response.ok:
             if managed_mode and not _should_preserve_pending_create_key(response):
diff --git a/tools/browser_providers/browserbase.py b/tools/browser_providers/browserbase.py
index 5076af4c7a6..4807345214b 100644
--- a/tools/browser_providers/browserbase.py
+++ b/tools/browser_providers/browserbase.py
@@ -92,45 +92,50 @@ class BrowserbaseProvider(CloudBrowserProvider):
             "X-BB-API-Key": config["api_key"],
         }
 
-        response = requests.post(
-            f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
-            headers=headers,
-            json=session_config,
-            timeout=30,
-        )
+        try:
+            response = requests.post(
+                f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
+                headers=headers,
+                json=session_config,
+                timeout=30,
+            )
 
-        proxies_fallback = False
-        keepalive_fallback = False
+            proxies_fallback = False
+            keepalive_fallback = False
 
-        # Handle 402 — paid features unavailable
-        if response.status_code == 402:
-            if enable_keep_alive:
-                keepalive_fallback = True
-                logger.warning(
-                    "keepAlive may require paid plan (402), retrying without it. "
-                    "Sessions may timeout during long operations."
-                )
-                session_config.pop("keepAlive", None)
-                response = requests.post(
-                    f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
-                    headers=headers,
-                    json=session_config,
-                    timeout=30,
-                )
+            # Handle 402 — paid features unavailable
+            if response.status_code == 402:
+                if enable_keep_alive:
+                    keepalive_fallback = True
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "keepAlive may require paid plan (402), retrying without it. "
+                        "Sessions may timeout during long operations."
+                    )
+                    session_config.pop("keepAlive", None)
+                    response = requests.post(
+                        f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
+                        headers=headers,
+                        json=session_config,
+                        timeout=30,
+                    )
 
-            if response.status_code == 402 and enable_proxies:
-                proxies_fallback = True
-                logger.warning(
-                    "Proxies unavailable (402), retrying without proxies. "
-                    "Bot detection may be less effective."
-                )
-                session_config.pop("proxies", None)
-                response = requests.post(
-                    f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
-                    headers=headers,
-                    json=session_config,
-                    timeout=30,
-                )
+                if response.status_code == 402 and enable_proxies:
+                    proxies_fallback = True
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Proxies unavailable (402), retrying without proxies. "
+                        "Bot detection may be less effective."
+                    )
+                    session_config.pop("proxies", None)
+                    response = requests.post(
+                        f"{config['base_url']}/v1/sessions",
+                        headers=headers,
+                        json=session_config,
+                        timeout=30,
+                    )
+        except requests.RequestException as exc:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Browserbase API connection failed: {exc}"
+            ) from exc
 
         if not response.ok:
             raise RuntimeError(
diff --git a/tools/browser_providers/firecrawl.py b/tools/browser_providers/firecrawl.py
index 17001f72f1d..4a8ae82a2d2 100644
--- a/tools/browser_providers/firecrawl.py
+++ b/tools/browser_providers/firecrawl.py
@@ -47,12 +47,17 @@ class FirecrawlProvider(CloudBrowserProvider):
 
         body: Dict[str, object] = {"ttl": ttl}
 
-        response = requests.post(
-            f"{self._api_url()}/v2/browser",
-            headers=self._headers(),
-            json=body,
-            timeout=30,
-        )
+        try:
+            response = requests.post(
+                f"{self._api_url()}/v2/browser",
+                headers=self._headers(),
+                json=body,
+                timeout=30,
+            )
+        except requests.RequestException as exc:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Firecrawl API connection failed: {exc}"
+            ) from exc
 
         if not response.ok:
             raise RuntimeError(